Manufacture Process Scale-Up and Industrial Testing of Novel Catalysts for SOx-Emissions Control in FCC Units

A Viewpoint on the Refinery of the Future: Catalyst and Process Challenges

“…In this sense, SOx, NOx and CO 2 removal will be necessary. The high content of S and N in coke (along with C) results in important emissions from the regenerators. − To date, refiners have adopted two main approaches for SOx/NOx removal that consist of the direct addition of DeSOx/DeNOx components (i.e., MgO, Al 2 O 3 , MgCO 3 , MgAl 2 O 4 spinels, CaO, CaCO 3 ) to FCC catalysts or as a separate additive. − Regarding the direct incorporation of sulfur-reduction components into FCC catalysts, Zn- and RE-exchanged zeolites seem to withstand sulfur poisoning . For NOx reduction, the use of metal oxide additives such as ceria and copper has been shown to successfully decrease emissions. , Going forward into one-step processes, all these functionalities should operate on a concerted manner.…”