Manufacture of Soft‐Hard Implants from Electrospun Filaments Embedded in 3D Printed Structures

Abstract

Rotator cuff tendon tears are common injuries of the musculoskeletal system that often require surgical repair. However, re‐tearing following repair is a significant clinical problem, with a failure rate of up to 40%, notably at the transition from bone to tendon. The development of biphasic materials consisting of soft and hard components, which can mimic this interface, is therefore promising. Here, a simple manufacturing approach is proposed that combines electrospun filaments and 3D printing to achieve scaffolds made of a soft polydioxanone cuff embedded in a porous polycaprolactone block. The insertion area of the cuff is based on the supraspinatus tendon footprint and the size of the cuff is scaled up from 9 to 270 electrospun filaments to reach a clinically relevant strength of 227N on average. The biological evaluation shows that the biphasic scaffold components are noncytotoxic, and that tendon and bone cells can be grown on the cuff and block, respectively. Overall, these results indicate that combining electrospinning and 3D printing is a feasible and promising approach to create soft‐to‐hard biphasic scaffolds that can improve the outcomes of rotator cuff repair.

Probing the Effects of Antimicrobial‐Lysozyme Derivatization on Enzymatic Degradation of Poly(ε‐caprolactone) Film and Fiber

“…[25][26][27][28][29][30] Its versatility in terms of amenability to fabrication techniques, including electrospinning and 3D printing, makes it highly attractive for implant applications. [31][32][33][34] It is also employed in advanced large-scale fabrication technologies, like pressurized gyration and nozzle-pressurized gyration, for creating anisotropic microfibers. [35,36] Many studies have focused on conferring antimicrobial properties to PCLbased materials through surface derivatization and novel synthetic approaches.…”