Manufacture of fine spherical granules by an extrusion/spheronization method

Kanbe, Hideyoshi; Hayashi, Tetsuo; Onuki, Yoichi; Sonobe, Takashi

doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.12.020

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The production of spherical particles by extrusion-spheronization involves multiple processes like mixing of the dry powders with a liquid to form a homogeneous wet mass, extrusion of the wet mass into cylindrical strands and finally spheronization that convert these strands into spheres [97][98][99] . It is more labor intensive than other granulation methods, 97 .…”

Section: Extrusion-spheronizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is more labor intensive than other granulation methods, 97 . However, it offers the advantage of formation of uniform-sized spherical particles that have multiple advantages during pharmaceutical processing [98][99][100][101][102] . Hence, this technique has been extensively used for the generation of co-processed excipients.…”

Section: Extrusion-spheronizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Co-processing as a tool to improve aqueous dispersibility of cellulose ethers

Sharma

Modi

Bansal

2015

Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy

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Cellulose ethers are important materials with numerous applications in pharmaceutical industry. They are widely employed as stabilizers and viscosity enhancers for dispersed systems, binders in granulation process and as film formers for tablets. These polymers, however, exhibit challenge during preparation of their aqueous dispersions. Rapid hydration of their surfaces causes formation of a gel that prevents water from reaching the inner core of the particle. Moreover, the surfaces of these particles become sticky, thus leading to agglomeration, eventually reducing their dispersion kinetics. Numerous procedures have been tested to improve dispersibility of cellulose ethers. These include the use of cross-linking agents, alteration in the synthesis process, adjustment of water content of cellulose ether, modification by attaching hydrophobic substituents and co-processing using various excipients. Among these, co-processing has provided the most encouraging results. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms responsible for the poor dispersibility of cellulose ethers and the role of co-processing technologies in overcoming the challenge. An attempt has been made to highlight various co-processing techniques and specific role of excipients used for co-processing.

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Section: Extrusion-spheronizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extrusion-spheronizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-processing as a tool to improve aqueous dispersibility of cellulose ethers

Sharma

Modi

Bansal

2015

Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy

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“…However, a major drawback of this method is the maximum amount of active ingredient loading achievable, as well as the time and cost associated with this method (Kanbe et al 2007). Extrusion-spheronisation is now a popular method for producing spherical beads or pellets in the pharmaceutical industry.…”

Section: Microencapsulation and Extrusion-spheronisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of the Influence of Multiple Processing Factors on the Characteristics of Bioactive-Loaded Beads Prepared by Extrusion–Spheronisation

Kuang

Oliveira

Crean

2009

Food Bioprocess Technol

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The objective of this study was to determine optimum extrusion-spheronisation parameters for producing bioactive-loaded beads with maximum consistency. The Taguchi method for robust engineering design was applied, using an L 9 orthogonal array (fractional factorial design). The processing parameters analysed were spheronising speed, time and the amount of granulating liquid. The potential importance of some interactive effects was assessed by applying a response surface analysis to the data. The amount of granulating liquid, spheronising speed and the interaction between these two parameters were found to have a statistically significant influence on the size, with the amount of granulating liquid being the most dominant factor. The diameter of beads increased with the amount of granulating liquid and consequently, reduced the yield in the desired range (600-1,180 µm). The roundness of the beads was strongly influenced by the spheronising time. The beads became rounder with increasing spheronising time, up to a limit when the effect was observed to level off. Similar optimum conditions were indicated by a response surface method and the Taguchi method: low amount of granulating liquid (50%, w/w) and extrudates spheronised at the highest speed (1,800 rpm) for 15 min. However, the predicted response values using the Taguchi method were physically more acceptable: yield in the desired size range of 98.83%, D 50 of 662 µm and roundness of 0.82.

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“…However, it is difficult to produce pellets less than 500 mm in size, because the extrusion through a screen with small pores generates very high pressure, which can result in breakage of the screen. Despite reductions in extrusion pressure due to the addition of swelling materials (Kanbe et al, 2007) or glycerides (Dupont et al, 2002), pellets under 300 mm have not been prepared in an effective way. Therefore, an extrusion/ spheronization technique is an unsuitable approach for producing fine core particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%