Mannose‐Modified Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes as a Delivery Nanovector Optimizing the Antigen Presentation of Dendritic Cells

Abstract

Dendritic cells (DCs) based cancer immunotherapy is largely dependent on adequate antigen delivery and efficient induction of DCs maturation to produce sufficient antigen presentation and ultimately lead to substantial activation of tumor‐specific CD8 + T cells. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted great attention in biomedicine because of their unique physicochemical properties. In order to effectively deliver tumor antigens to DCs and trigger a strong anti‐tumor immune response, herein, a specific DCs target delivery system was assembled by using multi‐walled carbon nanotubes modified with mannose which can specifically bind to the mannose receptor on DCs membrane. Ovalbumin (OVA) as a model antigen, could be adsorbed on the surface of mannose modified multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (Man‐MWCNTs) with a large drug loading content. This nanotube‐antigen complex showed low cytotoxicity to DCs and was efficiently engulfed by DCs to induce DCs maturation and cytokine release in vitro, indicating that it could be a potent antigen‐adjuvant nanovector of efficient antigen delivery for therapeutic purpose.

Carbon Nanotubes: Smart Drug/Gene Delivery Carriers

“…Furthermore, the cellular uptake surged more when using modified MWCNT-OVA with molecular mannose since mannose facilitates the binding between MWCNTs and dendritic cells through ligand/receptor interactions. 117 While researchers continue to merge various strategies to attack tumor cells, a study established an MWCNT-PEG system and used the CREKA peptide as the targeting moiety on the surface because it has an affinity for fibrin. The central idea of the project was to amplify the antitumor effect by satisfying two requirements.…”

Near‐Infrared Triggered Cascade of Antitumor Immune Responses Based on the Integrated Core–Shell Nanoparticle

“…As reported, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α play an important role in the activation of natural killer cells, proliferation of activated B cells and proliferation of T cells, respectively. [ 42 ] For this, DC maturation‐induced immune response was studied in vivo by measuring cytokine levels in sera using ELISA. As shown in Figure 2K–M, the serum levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α in the AZ‐P@P + L group were significantly higher than that in AuNR@PEG + L and AZ‐P@P groups at 24 or 48 h post‐treatment.…”

Advances in Drug Delivery Nanosystems Using Graphene-Based Materials and Carbon Nanotubes

“…For efficacious delivery of tumor antigens to dendritic cells (DCs) and triggering a powerful anti-tumor immune response, MWCNTs functionalized with mannose, which can specifically bind to the mannose receptor on the DC membrane, were fabricated using ovalbumin as a model antigen, capable of adsorption on these modified MWCNTs. The formed biocompatible complex was suitable for satisfactory antigen delivery and induction of DCs maturation and cytokine release in vitro and could be used for therapeutic purposes [ 297 ]. The surface functionalization with the bovine-milk-derived protein, succinylated β-lactoglobuline, can be considered as a cost-effective alternative to the PEG-based CNTs, leading to considerable amelioration of the biocompatibility and dispersion stability of CNTs, whereby MWCNTs functionalized with this protein were able to improve the IC 50 values by ca.…”