Manipulation of the van der Waals Magnet Cr2Ge2Te6 by Spin–Orbit Torques

Gupta, Vishakha; Cham, Thow Min Jerald; Stiehl, Gregory M.; Bose, Arnab; Mittelstaedt, Joseph A.; Kang, Kaifei; Jiang, Shengwei; Mak, Kin Fai; Shan, Jie; Buhrman, R. A.; Ralph, Daniel

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02965

Cited by 69 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In voltage control scheme 542,[550][551][552][553][554][555][556] , one can use voltage to cause electric field or electrostatic doping in 2D magnets. In current control scheme 518,557,558 , one usually aims to utilize electrical current to switch magnetization via spin orbit torque. Besides electrical control, many other stimuli have been attempted to control 2D magnetism, including pressure [559][560][561][562][563] , chemical synthesis 545 , light incidence 564 , to name a few.…”

Section: Magnetic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Two-Dimensional Materials

Chang¹,

Chen²,

Chen³

et al. 2021

Acta Physico Chimica Sinica

310

119

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Research on two-dimensional (2D) materials has been explosively increasing in last seventeen years in varying subjects including condensed matter physics, electronic engineering, materials science, and chemistry since the mechanical exfoliation of graphene in 2004. Starting from graphene, 2D materials now have become a big family with numerous members and diverse categories. The unique structural features and physicochemical properties of 2D materials make them one class of the most appealing candidates for a wide range of potential applications.In particular, we have seen some major breakthroughs made in the field of 2D materials in last five years not only in developing novel synthetic methods and exploring new structures/properties but also in identifying innovative applications and pushing forward commercialisation. In this review, we provide a critical summary on the recent progress made in the field of 2D materials with a particular focus on last five years. After a brief background 物理化学学报 Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2021, 37 (12), 2108017 (3 of 151) introduction, we first discuss the major synthetic methods for 2D materials, including the mechanical exfoliation, liquid exfoliation, vapor phase deposition, and wet-chemical synthesis as well as phase engineering of 2D materials belonging to the field of phase engineering of nanomaterials (PEN). We then introduce the superconducting/optical/magnetic properties and chirality of 2D materials along with newly emerging magic angle 2D superlattices. Following that, the promising applications of 2D materials in electronics, optoelectronics, catalysis, energy storage, solar cells, biomedicine, sensors, environments, etc. are described sequentially. Thereafter, we present the theoretic calculations and simulations of 2D materials. Finally, after concluding the current progress, we provide some personal discussions on the existing challenges and future outlooks in this rapidly developing field.

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Section: Magnetic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Two-Dimensional Materials

Chang¹,

Chen²,

Chen³

et al. 2021

Acta Physico Chimica Sinica

310

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Recent efforts to explore the ferromagnetism in ultrathin 2D crystals have revealed intrinsic ferromagnetism in mechanically exfoliated Cr 2 Ge 2 Te 6 , CrI 3 , and Fe 3 GeTe 2 few-layer crystals, but the ferromagnetic ordering only exists significantly far below room temperature [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] . Moreover, most intrinsic ultrathin ferromagnetic 2D crystals have a van der Waals structure and are often exfoliated mechanically by tape [10][11][12][13] . No intrinsic room-temperature 2D ferromagnetism is found in freestanding, ultrathin, non-van der Waals 2D crystals, which consist of larger numbers of materials than van der Waals-type crystals, partly a result of the great difficulty in obtaining non-van der Waals 2D crystals with high magnetic anisotropy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetism in freestanding non-van der Waals ultrathin 2D crystals

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2021

Nat Commun

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Control of ferromagnetism is of critical importance for a variety of proposed spintronic and topological quantum technologies. Inducing long-range ferromagnetic order in ultrathin 2D crystals will provide more functional possibility to combine their unique electronic, optical and mechanical properties to develop new multifunctional coupled applications. Recently discovered intrinsic 2D ferromagnetic crystals such as Cr2Ge2Te6, CrI3 and Fe3GeTe2 are intrinsically ferromagnetic only below room temperature, mostly far below room temperature (Curie temperature, ~20–207 K). Here we develop a scalable method to prepare freestanding non-van der Waals ultrathin 2D crystals down to mono- and few unit cells (UC) and report unexpected strong, intrinsic, ambient-air-robust, room-temperature ferromagnetism with TC up to ~367 K in freestanding non-van der Waals 2D CrTe crystals. Freestanding 2D CrTe crystals show comparable or better ferromagnetic properties to widely-used Fe, Co, Ni and BaFe12O19, promising as new platforms for room-temperature intrinsically-ferromagnetic 2D crystals and integrated 2D devices.

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“…Furthermore, similar efficient SOT was also demonstrated in thin Cr 2 Ge 2 Te 6 /Ta heterostructure. [ 154 , 155 ] With the help of the in‐plane field, the critical current for the magnetization switch was much lower than that for conventional metallic ferromagnets. However, it should be noted that these SOTs were obtained at low temperatures.…”

Section: Van Der Waals Ferromagnets and Antiferromagnets For Spin‐orbit Torquementioning

confidence: 99%

Spin‐Orbit Torque in Van der Waals‐Layered Materials and Heterostructures

Tang

Liu

et al. 2021

Advanced Science

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Spin-orbit torque (SOT) opens an efficient and versatile avenue for the electrical manipulation of magnetization in spintronic devices. The enhancement of SOT efficiency and reduction of power consumption are key points for the implementation of high-performance SOT devices, which strongly rely on the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) strength and magnetic properties of ferromagnetic/non-magnetic heterostructures. Recently, van der Waals-layered materials have shown appealing properties for use in efficient SOT applications. On the one hand, transition-metal dichalcogenides, topological insulators, and graphene-based heterostructures possess appreciable SOC strength. This feature can efficiently converse the charge current into spin current and result in large SOT. On the other hand, the newly discovered layered magnetic materials provide ultra-thin and gate-tunable ferromagnetic candidates for high-performance SOT devices. In this review, the latest advancements of SOT research in various layered materials are summarized. First, a brief introduction of SOT is given. Second, SOT studies of various layered materials and heterostructures are summarized. Subsequently, progresses on SOT-induced magnetization switching are presented. Finally, current challenges and prospects for future development are suggested.

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Manipulation of the van der Waals Magnet Cr₂Ge₂Te₆ by Spin–Orbit Torques

Cited by 69 publications

References 44 publications

Recent Progress on Two-Dimensional Materials

Recent Progress on Two-Dimensional Materials

Strong intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetism in freestanding non-van der Waals ultrathin 2D crystals

Spin‐Orbit Torque in Van der Waals‐Layered Materials and Heterostructures

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