Manipulation of Human Verticality Using High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Santos, Taiza E. G.; Favoretto, Diandra B; Toostani, Iman Ghodratti; Nascimento, Dejair Caitano do; Rimoli, Brunna P.; Bergonzoni, Eduardo; Will-Lemos, Tenysson; Truong, Dennis Q.; Delbem, Alexandre Cláudio Botazzo; Makkiabadi, Bahador; Moraes, Renato; Louzada, Francisco; Bikson, Marom; Leite, João P.; Edwards, Dylan J.

doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00825

Cited by 21 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…This application in experimental neurology relies on an established technique of transcranial stimulation, indicated as a powerful experimental tool over the last two decades; despite the few reproduced studies reported in the literature [12]. Our research findings integrate the knowledge for the transient induction of vertical misperception in healthy subjects using electrical stimulation, and consolidates the results found by Santos et al [11] using usual statistical methods.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The present data set used to describe the statistical approach was originated from a randomized double-blinded sham-controlled clinical trial that aimed to investigate a polarity and intensity-dependent shift in high-density EEG signal following an intervention using high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation applied over the temporoparietal junction in healthy participants (for protocol details read [11]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Entropy Analysis of High-Definition Transcranial Electric Stimulation Effects on EEG Dynamics

et al. 2019

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A foundation of medical research is time series analysis—the behavior of variables of interest with respect to time. Time series data are often analyzed using the mean, with statistical tests applied to mean differences, and has the assumption that data are stationary. Although widely practiced, this method has limitations. Here we present an alternative statistical approach with sample analysis that provides a summary statistic accounting for the non-stationary nature of time series data. This work discusses the use of entropy as a measurement of the complexity of time series, in the context of Neuroscience, due to the non-stationary characteristic of the data. To elucidate our argument, we conducted entropy analysis on a sample of electroencephalographic (EEG) data from an interventional study using non-invasive electrical brain stimulation. We demonstrated that entropy analysis could identify intervention-related change in EEG data, supporting that entropy can be a useful “summary” statistic in non-linear dynamical systems.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entropy Analysis of High-Definition Transcranial Electric Stimulation Effects on EEG Dynamics

et al. 2019

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“…The locations and boundaries of the lesions were delineated on the individual MRI scans by one neurologist (LHS) and one neuroradiologist (ACS) that were blind to subject verticality estimates. Additional description of the lesions was made regarding the brain areas previously related to verticality misperception including; insula (1, 16–18), parietal cortex (1, 16, 17, 19), superior and middle temporal gyrus (1, 18–20), temporo-parietal junction (21–23), post central gyrus (16, 18), and inferior frontal gyrus (1, 18, 19). The first volume of the DTI acquisition was aligned to the anatomical T1-weighted image through an affine transformation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractional Anisotropy of Thalamic Nuclei Is Associated With Verticality Misperception After Extra-Thalamic Stroke

et al. 2019

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Verticality misperception after stroke is a frequent neurological deficit that leads to postural imbalance and a higher risk of falls. The posterior thalamic nuclei are described to be involved with verticality perception, but it is unknown if extra-thalamic lesions can have the same effect via diaschisis and degeneration of thalamic nuclei. We investigated the relationship between thalamic fractional anisotropy (FA, a proxy of structural integrity), and verticality perception, in patients after stroke with diverse encephalic extra-thalamic lesions. We included 11 first time post-stroke patients with extra-thalamic primary lesions, and compared their region-based FA to a group of 25 age-matched healthy controls. For the patient sample, correlation and regression analyses evaluated the relationship between thalamic nuclei FA and error of postural vertical (PV) and haptic vertical (HV) in the roll (PV roll /HV roll ) and pitch planes (PV pitch /HV pitch ). Relative to controls, patients showed decreased FA of anterior, ventral anterior, ventral posterior lateral, dorsal, and pulvinar thalamic nuclei, despite the primary lesions being extra-thalamic. We found a significant correlation between HV roll , and FA in the anterior and dorsal nuclei, and PV roll with FA in the anterior nucleus. FA in the anterior, ventral anterior, ventral posterior lateral, dorsal and pulvinar nuclei predicted PV, and FA in the ventral anterior, ventral posterior lateral and dorsal nuclei predicted HV. While prior studies indicate that primary lesions of the thalamus can result in verticality misperception, here we present evidence supporting that secondary degeneration of thalamic nuclei via diaschisis can also be associated with verticality misperception after stroke.

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“…The modern technique, by providing a more secure fixation of the electrodes (e.g. compared to ad hoc elastic straps in the conventional technique) would enhance combination with adjunct behavioral therapies such as mirror therapy 36,37,38 , visual imagery and virtual reality 39,40,41 , or physical therapy 34,42,43,44,45 . tDCS is considered a safe and convenient form of noninvasive brain stimulation 5,11 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updated Technique for Reliable, Easy, and Tolerated Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Including Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Borges¹,

Dufau²,

Paneri³

et al. 2020

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Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive method of neuromodulation using low-intensity direct electrical currents. This method of brain stimulation presents several potential advantages compared to other techniques, as it is noninvasive, cost-effective, broadly deployable, and well-tolerated provided proper equipment and protocols are administered. Even though tDCS is apparently simple to perform, correct administration of the tDCS session, especially the electrode positioning and preparation, is vital for ensuring reproducibility and tolerability. The electrode positioning and preparation steps are traditionally also the most time consuming and error-prone. To address these challenges, modern tDCS techniques, using fixed-position headgear and pre-assembled sponge electrodes, reduce complexity and setup time while also ensuring that the electrodes are consistently placed as intended. These modern tDCS methods present advantages for research, clinic, and remote-supervised (at home) settings. This article provides a comprehensive step-by-step guide for administering a tDCS session using fixed-position headgear and pre-assembled sponge electrodes. This guide demonstrates tDCS using commonly applied montages intended for motor cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) stimulation. As described, selection of the head size and montage-specific headgear automates electrode positioning. Fully assembled pre-saturated snap-electrodes are simply affixed to the set position snap-connectors on the headgear. The modern tDCS method is shown to reduce setup time and reduce errors for both novice and expert operators. The methods outlined in this article can be adapted to different applications of tDCS as well as other forms of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) such as transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) and transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS). However, since tES is application specific, as appropriate, any methods recipe is customized to accommodate subject, indication, environment, and outcome specific features.

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Manipulation of Human Verticality Using High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Cited by 21 publications

References 45 publications

Entropy Analysis of High-Definition Transcranial Electric Stimulation Effects on EEG Dynamics

Entropy Analysis of High-Definition Transcranial Electric Stimulation Effects on EEG Dynamics

Fractional Anisotropy of Thalamic Nuclei Is Associated With Verticality Misperception After Extra-Thalamic Stroke

Updated Technique for Reliable, Easy, and Tolerated Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Including Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

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