Manipulation of Host Density Affects Infestation of a Peritrich Ciliate (<i>Epistylis lacustris</i>) on a Calanoid Copepod (<i>Leptodiaptomus minutus</i>) in Crystal Lake, Wisconsin, USA

Xie, Ping; Sanderson, Beth L.; Frost, T.P.; Magnuson, John J.

doi:10.1080/02705060.2001.9663847

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Selectivity of peritrich epibionts for zooplankton hosts, such as that found in the present study, is well known. Xie et al . (2001) found Epistylis lacustris , now included in E. anastatica (Linnaeus, 1767) Ehrenberg 1830 (Foissner et al ., 1999), only on Leptodiaptomus minutus in a community with a copepod from another genus and five cladoceran genera.…”

Section: Site and Host Selection By Epistylissupporting

confidence: 90%

The ciliate epibiont Epistylis pygmaeum: selection for zooplankton hosts, reproduction and effect on two rotifers

Gilbert

Schröder

2003

Freshwater Biology

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SUMMARY 1. A clonal culture of the peritrich Epistylis pygmaeum was used for all observations and experiments. Motile cells preferentially attached to the eggs of three species of Brachionus but also attached to the body of adult B. angularis. Zooids on the transitory egg substratum developed only short stalks, while those on the body often developed long stalks and branched colonies. Selection for the eggs positions the ciliate near the cloaca, and thus high concentrations of fine particulate material excreted by the host. Settlement on eggs occurred equally well in the light and dark, and on moving and stationary eggs. 2. Motile Epistylis cells attached to a wide variety of rotifer and crustacean zooplankton, but exhibited some pronounced selectivity. They readily settled on the eggs of other rotifers (Epiphanes, Polyarthra), on the carapace of several cladocerans (Ceriodaphnia, Daphnia, Diaphanosoma), and on the egg sacs of a copepod (Tropocyclops). They settled less readily on the bodies of the rotifers Asplanchna and Synchaeta, and rarely or never settled on the rotifer Keratella, the cladocerans Bosmina and Scapholeberis, and the body of the copepod. 3. Epistylis populations initiated with a single zooid on Brachionus increased exponentially and often contained several hundred attached zooids and motile cells after 3 days at 20 °C. Observations of a culture initiated from a single telotroch provided new information about peritrich life cycles: (1) motile cells reproduced themselves at a rapid rate (λ = 4.26 day−1); (2) telotrochs produced or transformed into swimming zooids and vice versa. Functions of the two types of motile cells remain to be clarified. Telotrochs likely are specialised for finding and attaching to hosts. Swimming zooids can feed and reproduce, producing both their own cell type and telotrochs. Together, they should enhance dispersal and population growth, especially when hosts are rare. 4. Life‐table experiments with two species of Brachionus showed that colonisation by Epistylis had no effect on adult survival but significantly decreased fecundity, by 29% in both cases. Zooids attached to eggs could be a weight burden, increase drag, and possibly inhibit egg development. Those on the body of B. angularis also could interfere with coronal cilia, inhibiting feeding and further slowing locomotion. The ability of E. pygmaeum to select and then interfere with its hosts indicates that this epibiont has the potential to influence the species structure of zooplankton communities.

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Section: Site and Host Selection By Epistylissupporting

confidence: 90%

The ciliate epibiont Epistylis pygmaeum: selection for zooplankton hosts, reproduction and effect on two rotifers

Gilbert

Schröder

2003

Freshwater Biology

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“…However, these are also different among A. tonsa and C. hamatus (Mauchline 1998). Host density, known to modulate infestation rates for other peritrich epibionts in a freshwater lake (Xie et al 2001), also does not seem to be a factor. As mentioned earlier, the epibiont was found colonizing only C. hamatus even when A. tonsa was much more abundant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Investigating the epibiotic peritrich Zoothamnium intermedium Precht, 1935: Seasonality and distribution of its relationships with copepods in Chesapeake Bay (USA)

Safi¹,

Tang

Carnegie³

2022

European Journal of Protistology

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“…Papers that investigate relationships between epibiotic species of Epistylis and zooplankton in fresh water have focused almost exclusively on Daphnia O.F. Müller, 1785 and other cladocerans (Xu, 1993), calanoid copepods (Xie et al, 2001;Xu & Burns, 1991), or suspension-feeding rotifers (Gilbert & Schröder, 2003), all of which have nutritional lifestyles that are markedly different from large cyclopoids.…”

Section: Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Epistylis anastatica (Linnaeus, 1767) (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) on Mesocyclops isabellae Dussart & Fernando (Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopoida) in India, with an annotated checklist of species of Epistylis reported as Epibionts of Cyclopoid Copepods and resources for their identification

Clamp

Chatterjee

Fernández-Leborans

2016

Zootaxa

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The colonial peritrich ciliate Epistylis anastatica (Linnaeus, 1767) was discovered living as an epibiont on Mesocyclops isabellae Dussart & Fernando, 1988 collected from a pond in Andhra Pradesh state, India. This is the first report of Epistylis on this host, and a description of its morphological characteristics is provided. The biomass of colonies of E. anastatica relative to that of their hosts was relatively high, being greater than that of the host in some cases (8.11 mm³ vs. 1.14 mm³ or less), and this epibiotic burden has the potential to have an impact on the host's activities. Relationships between epibiotic peritrichs and microcrustaceans like cyclopoid copepods may be much more complex than previously supposed and merit more thorough investigation. Species of Epistylis are commonly found on cyclopoid copepods, but resources for taxonomic identification are limited and scattered; therefore, an annotated checklist of all species reported from cyclopoid copepods and a summary of the diagnostic characteristics of each one is provided as an aid to investigators. Some records of Epistylis spp. from cyclopoid copepods that are accompanied by documentary evidence are misidentifications, raising the suspicion that many other undocumented records also may be erroneous; therefore, it is suggested that authors provide supplementary descriptions and figures.

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Manipulation of Host Density Affects Infestation of a Peritrich Ciliate (Epistylis lacustris) on a Calanoid Copepod (Leptodiaptomus minutus) in Crystal Lake, Wisconsin, USA

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

The ciliate epibiont Epistylis pygmaeum: selection for zooplankton hosts, reproduction and effect on two rotifers

The ciliate epibiont Epistylis pygmaeum: selection for zooplankton hosts, reproduction and effect on two rotifers

Investigating the epibiotic peritrich Zoothamnium intermedium Precht, 1935: Seasonality and distribution of its relationships with copepods in Chesapeake Bay (USA)

Occurrence of Epistylis anastatica (Linnaeus, 1767) (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) on Mesocyclops isabellae Dussart & Fernando (Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopoida) in India, with an annotated checklist of species of Epistylis reported as Epibionts of Cyclopoid Copepods and resources for their identification

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