Manipulation of gas-liquid-liquid systems in continuous flow microreactors for efficient reaction processes

Liu, Yanyan; Chen, Guangwen; Yue, Jun

doi:10.1007/s41981-019-00062-9

Cited by 41 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Gas/liquid reactions do not suffer from headspace issues and the solubility of the gas in the solution can be increased by pressurization. 5 While the undesired formation of solids can present challenges in a flow system, solid reagents and catalysts can be used in flow effectively, in particular when preloaded into a column or cartridge to create a packed bed reactor. Fully heterogeneous catalytic reactions perform well in packed bed reactors, as the effective molarity of the catalyst at the point of reaction is significantly higher than in a batch catalytic process.…”

Section: Know Your Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to approach flow chemistry

2020

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Section: Know Your Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to approach flow chemistry

2020

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“…In droplet‐based multistep flow syntheses, reagents can be incorporated downstream either by droplet fusion [ 88 ] or direct injection into a preformed droplet. [ 89 ] In L‐L droplet microfluidic reactors, employing droplet fusion and direct injection requires complex microreactor designs and strict flow stability, both drawbacks to facile multistep synthesis. These drawbacks have been overcome by the introduction of a three‐phase (liquid‐liquid‐gas) flow format.…”

Section: In‐flow Size and Size Distribution Control Of Colloidal Nanomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[90] Within this type of flow regime, when the carrier fluid volume is too small to accommodate new droplet formation, it is energetically favorable for the injected droplet phase to add to the preexisting droplet rather than increase the interfacial surface area by breaking up a gas slug. [89,90] Therefore, the use of a gas phase not only created uniformly spaced droplets but also suppressed the formation of new droplets and improved droplet-flow stability. These advantages were confirmed by calorimetric analysis of two-phase versus three-phase reagent additions.…”

Section: Multistage Microfluidic Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated Development of Colloidal Nanomaterials Enabled by Modular Microfluidic Reactors: Toward Autonomous Robotic Experimentation

2020

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Solution-processed organic, [1-3] metallic, [4-6] and semiconductor [7,8] nanomaterials, possess unique size-related physicochemical, optical, magnetic, and electronic properties. These materials have enabled groundbreaking advancements in a variety of applications including catalysis, [9-11] drug delivery, [12,13] data storage, [14] and solar cells. [15] Different nucleation and growth models such as LaMer burst nucleation, [16] Ostwald ripening, [17] Finke-Watzky two-step mechanism, [18] orientated attachment, [19] and coalescence [20] have attempted to explain the mechanisms through which nanoparticles are formed in In recent years, microfluidic technologies have emerged as a powerful approach for the advanced synthesis and rapid optimization of various solution-processed nanomaterials, including semiconductor quantum dots and nanoplatelets, and metal plasmonic and reticular framework nanoparticles. These fluidic systems offer access to previously unattainable measurements and synthesis conditions at unparalleled efficiencies and sampling rates. Despite these advantages, microfluidic systems have yet to be extensively adopted by the colloidal nanomaterial community. To help bridge the gap, this progress report details the basic principles of microfluidic reactor design and performance, as well as the current state of online diagnostics and autonomous robotic experimentation strategies, toward the size, shape, and composition-controlled synthesis of various colloidal nanomaterials. By discussing the application of fluidic platforms in recent high-priority colloidal nanomaterial studies and their potential for integration with rapidly emerging artificial intelligence-based decision-making strategies, this report seeks to encourage interdisciplinary collaborations between microfluidic reactor engineers and colloidal nanomaterial chemists. Full convergence of these two research efforts offers significantly expedited and enhanced nanomaterial discovery, optimization, and manufacturing.

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“…This unique characteristic can be attributed to the change in the three-phase surface force balance (compared with a two-phase organic solvent-PFO system), [45][46][47] which enables multistep sequential synthesis and processing within microfluidic reactors. [44,48] Using a three-phase flow format allows the sequential in-line addition of the halide salt precursor into the as-synthesized CsPbBr 3 QDs in a moving droplet (i.e., telescoped reactions) and circumvent the need for an off-line intermediate washing step (workup), thereby intensifying the QD manufacturing process as a result.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/aisy202000245mentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Driven Multistep Quantum Dot Synthesis Enabled by Autonomous Robotic Experimentation in Flow

Abdel‐Latif

Epps

Bateni

et al. 2020

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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Inorganic lead halide perovskite (LHP) quantum dots (QDs) have recently emerged as a promising class of semiconducting materials for next-generation, solution-processed optoelectronic devices. [1] For example, inorganic LHPs have surpassed the performance of conventional IV-VI QDs in photovoltaic devices. [2] The prominence of LHPs among other semiconductor nanocrystals is mainly attributed to their high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), high defect tolerance, facile bandgap tunability, and narrow emission linewidth. The ease of peak emission bandgap tuning (1.7-3.1 eV) makes inorganic LHP QDs a versatile material for widespread applications ranging from solar cells (1.77 eV), [3-6] light-emitting diodes (blue 2.7 eV, green 2.39 eV, and red 1.88 eV), [7-9] and various photocatalytic reactions. [10-12] The peak emission energy of cesium lead halide QDs (CsPbX 3 , X ¼ Cl, Br, I) can be readily tuned by varying i) QD size using the quantum confinement effect, [13-16] ii) ligand composition, [17-19] iii) the chemical composition of the QD through anion, [20-22] and/or cation exchange, [23] and iv) the precursor halide content. [1,24] Despite producing high-quality monodispersed CsPbX 3 QDs, [1] flask-based hot-injection synthetic routes impose major challenges from large-scale manufacturing and reproducibility perspectives. Hot-injection colloidal synthesis requires operating at high temperatures (>150 C), which increases the overall energy costs and necessitates specific reactor design modifications to ensure homogenous, uniform heat distribution across the reactor. Furthermore, manual, flask-based colloidal syntheses are notorious for their lack of reproducibility (batch-to-batch variation and operator error), and difficulty of integration with material diagnostic probes. [13,24,25] Room-temperature colloidal synthesis (e.g., ligand-assisted reprecipitation strategy) [7,26,27] and post-synthesis halide exchange reactions [20-22,28] of CsPbBr 3 QDs are considered attractive alternatives to the hot-injection synthesis strategy for facile and precise bandgap engineering of LHP QDs. QD purification normally involves washing steps that consist of antisolvent addition followed by centrifugation, aliquot disposal, and fresh solvent addition. Moreover, washing and the subsequent redispersal of LHP QDs in fresh solvent disrupts the surface ligands, leading to ligand detachment, [29,30] surface defects (lowering the PLQY), and reduced colloidal stability of the LHP QDs. [30] Removal of the intermediate washing step of halide exchange reactions can enable end-to-end continuous manufacturing of inorganic LHP QDs and accelerate their adoption by chemical and energy technologies.

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Manipulation of gas-liquid-liquid systems in continuous flow microreactors for efficient reaction processes

Cited by 41 publications

References 79 publications

How to approach flow chemistry

How to approach flow chemistry

Accelerated Development of Colloidal Nanomaterials Enabled by Modular Microfluidic Reactors: Toward Autonomous Robotic Experimentation

Self‐Driven Multistep Quantum Dot Synthesis Enabled by Autonomous Robotic Experimentation in Flow

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