Manipulating music to communicate automation reliability in conditionally automated driving: A driving simulator study

Chen, Kuan-Ting; Chen, Huei-Yen Winnie

doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2020.102518

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Moreover, providing users with ongoing reliability feedback can better facilitate appropriate trust [16]. Previous studies showed that the continuous reliability information led to faster and more precise responses to a take-over request [17][18][19], better situation awareness [17], and more on-road glance behaviour in low-reliability situations [20]. Furthermore, Helldin et al [19] found that drivers provided with uncertainty information could, to a higher degree, perform tasks other than driving without compromising driving safety.…”

Section: Reliability Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient Light Conveying Reliability Improves Drivers’ Takeover Performance without Increasing Mental Workload

Figalová¹,

Chuang²,

Pichen³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Drivers of L3 automated vehicles (AVs) are not required to continuously monitor the AV system. However, they must be prepared to take over when requested. Therefore, it is necessary to design an in-vehicle environment that allows drivers to adapt their levels of preparedness to the likelihood of control transition. This study evaluates ambient in-vehicle lighting that continuously communicates the current level of AV reliability, specifically on how it could influence drivers' take-over performance and mental workload (MW). We conducted an experiment in a driving simulator with 42 participants who experienced 10 take-over requests (TORs). The experimental group experienced a four-stage ambient light display that communicated the current level of AV reliability, which was not provided to the control group. The experimental group demonstrated better take-over performance, based on lower vehicle jerks. Notably, perceived MW did not differ between the groups, and the EEG indices of MW (frontal theta power, parietal alpha power, Task-Load Index) did not differ between the groups. These findings suggest that communicating the current level of reliability using ambient light might help drivers be better prepared for TORs and perform better without increasing their MW.

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Section: Reliability Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient Light Conveying Reliability Improves Drivers’ Takeover Performance without Increasing Mental Workload

Figalová¹,

Chuang²,

Pichen³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Indicators such as lateral acceleration, standard deviation of steering angle, and standard deviation of steering angle velocity reflect the takeover efficiency. It is worth mentioning that in some takeover scenarios, such as sensor failure and entering unknown areas [70], the driver does not need to turn the steering wheel for avoidance. In these scenarios, only the transition stage and control stage must be completed.…”

Section: Ree-stage Takeovermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the transition, when the system sends the TOR, the driver must rapidly respond to prepare to takeover the control of the vehicle. e time between the release of TOR and the time the driver is ready to takeover is called the takeover response time [70]. Drivers who drive conditionally automated vehicles for extended periods of time not only experience some of the fatigue described in Section 2 but often also experience reduced SA, which delays their response to TORs.…”

Section: Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there are many measures of takeover efficiency, takeover response time is the most commonly used. Among these, researchers tend to gauge whether a driver is ready to takeover using steering or breaking thresholds: when the driver receives the request to takeover and prepares to operate the vehicle again, the threshold for determining the start of the driver takeover manoeuvre is 2 °steering wheel angle change and 10% free stroke of brake pedal [10,70,[73][74][75][76]. Take-over response time is measured against this because no change in vehicle operating status occurs when the control range is below these thresholds [76].…”

Section: Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rather, NDRTs should be combined with fatigue detection technology and administered when drivers are tired and the surrounding traffic is uncomplicated with the objective of awakening sleepy drivers. However, we suggest that researchers at least consider NDRTs that are not likely to cause distraction that can not only alleviate drivers' fatigue but also ensure their takeover efficiency, such as listening to specially designed background music [70] or radio with positive emotions [67].…”

Section: Non-driving-related Tasksmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of Level 3 Automated Vehicle Drivers’ Fatigue on Their Take-Over Behaviour: A Literature Review

Guo

Zhang

Cai

et al. 2021

Journal of Advanced Transportation

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With advancements in automated driving technology, Level 3 vehicle automation has been proliferating. In Level 3, drivers can turn their attention to things unrelated to driving and only takeover in cases of emergency. However, the transition to the main driving task can be affected by different physical and psychological changes in drivers such as fatigue and distraction. Although existing research in the field of manual driving has demonstrated the effects of fatigue on driver performance, there have been relatively few studies on fatigue in the field of automated driving. Fatigue decreases drivers’ alertness, which can prevent drivers from conducting necessary emergency takeover manoeuvres in a safe and timely manner. This systematic literature review was conducted to establish relationships between driving fatigue and takeover behaviour in the existing literature on Level 3 automated driving systems. Different from existing reviews of driving fatigue, this paper focuses on the commonly used and most effective evaluation indicators of driving fatigue and further discusses the methods to improve the takeover efficiency of fatigued drivers. This is the first detailed systematic review of general relationships between fatigue in automated driving and drivers’ takeover behaviours when the vehicle sends a takeover request. Researchers are invited to expand on the findings here to further clarify the findings on the associations between driver fatigue indicators in automated vehicle driving and drivers’ takeover response times.

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A Literature Review of Current Practices to Evaluate the Usability of External Human Machine Interface

Zheng

Shi

et al. 2023

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Manipulating music to communicate automation reliability in conditionally automated driving: A driving simulator study

Cited by 19 publications

References 36 publications

Ambient Light Conveying Reliability Improves Drivers’ Takeover Performance without Increasing Mental Workload

Ambient Light Conveying Reliability Improves Drivers’ Takeover Performance without Increasing Mental Workload

Effects of Level 3 Automated Vehicle Drivers’ Fatigue on Their Take-Over Behaviour: A Literature Review

A Literature Review of Current Practices to Evaluate the Usability of External Human Machine Interface

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