Manipulating expectancy violations to strengthen the efficacy of human fear extinction

Stemerding, Lotte E.; Ast, Vanessa A. van; Kindt, Merel

doi:10.1016/j.brat.2023.104319

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 28 publications

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“…However, based on our theory, it is important for an effective intervention to interpret the exposure events within the current focal proposition without yielding large expectancy violations. Emerging evidence that expectancy violation is not associated with treatment effectiveness (Pittig et al, 2023) and does not reduce the return of fear after extinction (Stemerding et al, 2023) demonstrates the limitations of the expectancy violation account. Based on the multiple propositional theory, large prediction errors prevent the utilization of ongoing experiences as data for current rules and beliefs and encourages generation of different propositions and hypotheses.…”

Section: Optimization Of Exposure Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Propositional Theory for Understanding Rule and Belief Updating: An Integrative Perspective to Improve Clinical Practice

Matsumoto¹,

Nihei²

2023

Preprint

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Updating self-related rules and beliefs is a common process in psychotherapy. Surprisingly, little is known about the psychological mechanisms underlying belief and rule updating. In this theoretical review, which links the gap between cognitive, behavioral (learning), and computational sciences, we propose a multiple propositional theory for understanding belief and rule updating. The multiple propositional theory posits that individuals generate propositions for understanding current experiences and environments. These propositions compete with each other and are selected to reduce prediction errors in light of an individual’s current and past experiences. A focal proposition can be updated by the Bayesian rule in principle, but a large prediction error encourages the generation of new propositions. This theory highlights the importance of generating propositions and hypothetical thinking in therapeutic processes and facilitates the understanding of clinical observations and techniques. We provide a way to compute this theory and discuss research topics derived therefrom.

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Section: Optimization Of Exposure Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%