Manifestations and Management of Disease in Neonatal Ruminants

House, John K.; Smith, Geof W.; Gunn, Alison A.; McGuirk, Sheila M.; Izzo, Mathew

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-55445-9.00020-3

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 556 publications

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“…Symptoms of sepsis are decreased interest in environment, loss of appetite, and diarrhea. Some of the other clinical findings of sepsis are poor sucking reflex, depression, lethargy, low body temperature, changes in respiratory rate, changes in capillary refill time (CRT), and dehydration (House et al 2015;Bonelli et al 2018). Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis criteria in neonatal calves are rectal temperature [(°C) > 39.5, < 37], heart rate [(pulse/min) > 160, < 100], respiratory rate [(min) > 45], SpO2 [(%) < 90], mean blood pressure [(mmHg) < 65], total leukocyte [(× 10 3 /µL) > 12,000, < 4000] (Fecteau et al 1997(Fecteau et al , 2009Sen and Constable, 2013;Yıldız et al 2018;Beydilli and Gökçe, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neopterin, procalcitonin, clinical biochemistry, and hematology in calves with neonatal sepsis

Akyüz

Gökçe

2021

Trop Anim Health Prod

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This study aims to determine how neopterin, procalcitonin, biochemical and hematological parameters change during treatment of calves with neonatal sepsis. A total of 25 calves divided into two groups. Sepsis group was composed of 15 newborn calves aged 0–10 days which met neonatal sepsis criteria, but did not receive any treatment. Control group included 10 healthy calves aged 0–10 days. Clinical examinations (respiratory rate, rectal temperature, heart rate, capillary refill time, sucking reflex) were performed at certain times before (0th h) and during (12th, 24th, 48th, and 72th h) the treatment. The blood was taken from the jugular vein from the sepsis group before (0th h) and during the treatment (12th, 24th, 48th, and 72nd h) and once from the control group. Procalcitonin pretreatment (0th h) and control group concentrations were found as 178.08 ± 2.4 (pg/mL) and 42.78 ± 1.25 (pg/mL), respectively ( p < 0.001). Neopterin pretreatment (0th h) and control group concentrations were determined as 14.44 ± 0.30 (ng/mL) and 3.63 ± 0.29 (ng/mL), respectively ( p < 0.001). As a result, neopterin and procalcitonin concentration decreased along with the treatment, confirming the presence of sepsis in calves and suggesting that sepsis could be a prognostic indicator. Therefore, both procalcitonin and neopterin can be prognostic and diagnostic in calves with sepsis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neopterin, procalcitonin, clinical biochemistry, and hematology in calves with neonatal sepsis

Akyüz

Gökçe

2021

Trop Anim Health Prod

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“…Rotavirus and Cryptosporidium parvum were the pathogens discovered by the rapid ELISA test in our calves. According to literature, they represent, along with Coronavirus and enterotoxigenic E. coli , the most common infectious causes of diarrhea in neonatal calves ( 1 ). However, we also recorded a high percentage of animals negative to the rapid ELISA test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The age expressed in days of the first diarrhea outbreak (TDE) and the frequency of diarrheic episodes defined as the number of episodes per calf throughout the whole study period were also recorded. At the beginning of the diarrhea, a fresh fecal sample was collected from each calf by manual restraint in two different sterile tubes: a rapid ELISA test was performed on one aliquot right away (test strips for detection of Rotavirus, Coronavirus, E. coli F5 and C. parvum in bovine feces, Biox Diagnostics, Belgium), while the second aliquot was stored in a refrigerated bag and evaluated within 1 h for gastrointestinal parasites ( 1 ). Starting from the onset of the diarrhea until the resolution of the episode, calves in both groups received 1 tablet of Effydral ® (Italy Zoetis Ltd.) (sodium chloride 2.34g, potassium chloride 1.12g, sodium bicarbonate 6.72g, citric acid anhydrous 3.84g, lactose monohydrate 32.44g, glycine 2.25g) as an oral rehydration solution in 2 L of water q24h ( 1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calf diarrhea results from a complex interaction between the environment, animal factors and infectious agents, such as Rotavirus, Coronavirus, Cryptosporidium parvum and Escherichia coli , representing one of the most common causes of mortality in dairy calves ( 1 ). Calf diarrhea and its sequela may deeply impact the profitability of a dairy farm by decreasing calves' growth rate and lifetime productivity and increasing treatment costs ( 2 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of a Phytogenic Feed Additive in Preventing Calves' Diarrhea

et al. 2022

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The aims of the present study were to evaluate the preventive and the therapeutic effect of Stodi® as phytogenic feed additive rich in phenolic substances on the calf diarrhea, during the first 24 days of life. A total of 40 calves were included and randomly divided into Group C (control group) and Group T (treated group) with placebo or treatment administration started from the third day of life (T0). Calves belonged to group C received 2 L of warm water, while the calves assigned to group T received 2L of warm water plus 30 g of Stodi®. Solutions administration was maintained until day 21 (T21) that was the end of the experimental period. Calves were weighed at T0 and T21 to assess the average daily gain (ADG). Physical examination and fecal score evaluation were performed daily. The duration of a diarrheic episode, the age of the first diarrhea outbreak (TDE) and the frequency of diarrheic episodes were recorded. Complete blood count, methemoglobin and liver enzymes were evaluated at T0 and at T21 in all the calves by spectrophotometer and clinical chemistry analysis, respectively. Data were analyzed using a mixed model. A Chi-square and a Mann-Whitney test were also performed. No difference was found for ADG between the groups. The difference of mean age at TDE was not statistically significant between C and T group. The number of calves with diarrhea in the C group tended to be higher than that of T group (p = 0.13). Calves in group C spent more days with clinical sign of diarrhea compared to group T (p = 0.016). Complete blood count, methemoglobin and liver enzymes were within the reference ranges. The feed additive Stodi® seemed to be effective in shortening neonatal diarrhea episodes in calves thanks to the administration of 30 g per day of product. The fixed dosage of Stodi® used in our study did not show a preventive effect to reduce the incidence of calf diarrhea.

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“…Affected animals may experience decreased interest in the environment, anorexia, diarrhea, weakening of the sucking re ex, depression, lethargy, drop in body temperature, increase in respiratory rate, prolongation of capillary re ll time (CRT), and dehydration (House et al 2015; Bonelli et al 2018;Akyüz 2020). Deaths due to sepsis usually occur due to bacteremia, viremia, and endotoxemia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelin-1, pentraxin-3, acute phase proteins and oxidative stress before and after treatment in neonatal calves with sepsis caused by Escherichia coli K99

Akyüz

Merhan

SEZER

et al. 2022

Preprint

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This study aimed to detect changes in acute-phase proteins endothelin-1 (ET-1), pentraxin-3 (P-3), ceruloplasmin (Cp), haptoglobin (Hp), and albumin, in calves with diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli K99 neonatal sepsis before and after treatment. Diagnostic and prognostic clinical, biochemical, and hematological parameters were evaluated. A total of 30 calves, divided into a sepsis group and a healthy control group, were assessed. The sepsis group was composed of 20 newborn calves (0–10 days old) which met neonatal sepsis criteria, did not receive any treatment, and were referred to the clinics of the Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, within 24 hours after the detection of clinical findings. The control group consisted of 10 healthy calves (0–10 days old) for comparison. Clinical examinations (respiratory rate, rectal temperature, heart rate, capillary refill time, sucking reflex) were performed before (0th h) and after (7th d) treatment. Blood samples were drawn via the jugular vein from sick calves before and after treatment and once from control animals. The P-3, ET-1, Cp, Hp, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the sepsis group before treatment were statistically higher than post-treatment and control group values (P < 0.001); while the glutathione (GSH) concentration was statistically lower (P = 0.002). In conclusion, the high pre-treatment concentrations of P-3, ET-1, Cp, Hp, and MDA in the sepsis group were of diagnostic importance. The approximation of these parameters after treatment to the mean values of the control group was also of prognostic value.

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Manifestations and Management of Disease in Neonatal Ruminants

Cited by 8 publications

References 556 publications

Neopterin, procalcitonin, clinical biochemistry, and hematology in calves with neonatal sepsis

Neopterin, procalcitonin, clinical biochemistry, and hematology in calves with neonatal sepsis

Effect of a Phytogenic Feed Additive in Preventing Calves' Diarrhea

Endothelin-1, pentraxin-3, acute phase proteins and oxidative stress before and after treatment in neonatal calves with sepsis caused by Escherichia coli K99

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