Manifestações emocionais e motoras de ribeirinhos expostos ao mercúrio na Amazônia

Costa, José Maria Farah; Lima, Abner Ariel da Silva; Rodrigues, Diego de Macedo; Khoury, Eliana Dirce Torres; Souza, Givago da Silva; Silveira, Luiz Carlos de Lima; Pinheiro, Maria da Conceição Nascimento

doi:10.1590/1980-5497201700020003

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Recent studies regarding the effect of mercury on adult's health revealed emotional changes, such as depression and aggressiveness, motor problems [59], and changes in the visual field [60]. Furthermore, some studies have demonstrated an association between MeHg exposure with the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease [61,62].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury Exposure in Munduruku Indigenous Communities from Brazilian Amazon: Methodological Background and an Overview of the Principal Results

Basta

Viana

Vasconcellos

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The Amazonian indigenous peoples depend on natural resources to live, but human activities’ growing impacts threaten their health and livelihoods. Our objectives were to present the principal results of an integrated and multidisciplinary analysis of the health parameters and assess the mercury (Hg) exposure levels in indigenous populations in the Brazilian Amazon. We carried out a cross-sectional study based on a census of three Munduruku indigenous villages (Sawré Muybu, Poxo Muybu, and Sawré Aboy), located in the Sawré Muybu Indigenous Land, between 29 October and 9 November 2019. The investigation included: (i) sociodemographic characterization of the participants; (ii) health assessment; (iii) genetic polymorphism analysis; (iv) hair mercury determination; and (v) fish mercury determination. We used the logistic regression model with conditional Prevalence Ratio (PR), with the respective 95% confidence intervals (CI95%) to explore factors associated with mercury exposure levels ≥6.0 µg/g. A total of 200 participants were interviewed. Mercury levels (197 hair samples) ranged from 1.4 to 23.9 μg/g, with significant differences between the villages (Kruskal–Wallis test: 19.9; p-value < 0.001). On average, the general prevalence of Hg exposure ≥ 6.0 µg/g was 57.9%. For participants ≥12 years old, the Hg exposure ≥6.0 µg/g showed associated with no regular income (PR: 1.3; CI95%: 1.0–1.8), high blood pressure (PR: 1.6; CI95%: 1.3–2.1) and was more prominent in Sawré Aboy village (PR: 1.8; CI95%: 1.3–2.3). For women of childbearing age, the Hg exposure ≥6.0 µg/g was associated with high blood pressure (PR: 1.9; CI95%: 1.2–2.3), with pregnancy (PR: 1.5; CI95%: 1.0–2.1) and was more prominent among residents in Poxo Muybu (PR: 1.9; CI95%: 1.0–3.4) and Sawré Aboy (PR: 2.5; CI95%: 1.4–4.4) villages. Our findings suggest that chronic mercury exposure causes harmful effects to the studied indigenous communities, especially considering vulnerable groups of the population, such as women of childbearing age. Lastly, we propose to stop the illegal mining in these areas and develop a risk management plan that aims to ensure the health, livelihoods, and human rights of the indigenous people from Amazon Basin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury Exposure in Munduruku Indigenous Communities from Brazilian Amazon: Methodological Background and an Overview of the Principal Results

Basta

Viana

Vasconcellos

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Riverine communities in the Amazon can consume between 100g and 550g of sh protein per capita per day 38 . Among recent studies in areas downstream of gold mining sites, hair total Hg concentrations ranged from 7.05-17.9 𝛍g/g in adults 35,[39][40][41][42][43][44] and 2.05-4.5 𝛍g/g in children [45][46][47] , well above the expected reference values of less than 1 𝛍g/g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Chronically exposed Amazonian populations have demonstrated signi cant neuropathological ndings associated with mercury exposure, particularly cognitive 48,49 , vision 40,[50][51][52] , motor 42,48,49,53 , somatosensory 48,50,54 , and emotional de cits 42 . Speci cally in pediatric populations, mercury poisoning is associated with neurodevelopmental and motor de cits, including delayed milestone achievements, language problems, and low mental and psychomotor scores 46,47,55 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Gold Rush: Brazil Fails to Control Illegal Mining and Watches Mechanized Mining Thrive in Amazonia

Neto,

Diniz,

Maretto

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Mining has played a significant role in the economy of South American countries for centuries. Although industrial mining has become predominant in most countries, the expansion of the garimpos, here referred to as mechanized mining, has increased substantially. This type of mining, mainly related to gold, is not only harmful to human health due to the usage of high amounts of mercury (Hg), but its trails of disastrous environmental and social changes are equally nefarious throughout the terrestrial ecosystems. It directly contributes to forest degradation and contamination of its soil, water resources, and people. In this article, we used an Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithm based on convolutional neural networks to locate and map industrial and mechanized mining sites in Brazil from 1985 to 2022 using open-access satellite images. The extensive satellite time series analysis allowed us to quantify the growth of ~ 763% of Brazil's overall mining area, jumping from 580 km2 in 1985 to 4460 km² in 2022. Mechanized mining grew approximately 1200%, from 218 km² in 1985 to 2627 km2 in 2022. Such rapid and recent garimpo expansion, particularly in the Amazon, has raised significant concerns. The Brazilian garimpo is essentially Amazonian, as more than 91% of national mechanized mining is in this biome. Almost 40% of the mechanized mines detected in the biome are five years old or younger. This percentage increases to an alarming 62% inside indigenous lands. Thus, claims regarding Brazil's long-term cohabitation with standard mining practices cannot be sustained. At least 77% of the 2022 mechanized mining area shows explicit signs of illegality. Urgent effort is needed to combat and control illegal mining expansion. Particular attention must be given to the Kayapo, Munduruku, and Yanomami indigenous lands. These concentrate more than 90% of the garimpo extraction across indigenous territories. We conclude that the Brazilian efforts to curb illegal mining in the last five years have failed. Before the country can reverse the lack of control over illegal mining in the Amazon, there is a long way to go. It must radically improve and intensify the current strategies to fight the illicit expansion of garimpos.

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“…The cohort studies conducted in the Faroe Islands and New Zealand indicate that even in low doses, the consumption of mercury-contaminated fish during pregnancy can cause important cognitive alterations in children [48,49]. The mercury neurotoxic potential effects in children and adults of the Amazon have been reported in recent publications [50][51][52][53][54]. The most common effects in children are cognitive problems, neurodevelopmental impairment, and psychomotor disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Risk Assessment of Mercury Exposure from Fish Consumption in Munduruku Indigenous Communities in the Brazilian Amazon

Vasconcellos

Hallwass²,

Bezerra³

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Fish serves as the principal source of animal protein for the indigenous people of the Amazon, ensuring their food and nutritional security. However, gold mining causes mercury (Hg) contamination in fish, and consequently increases health risks associated with fish consumption. The aim of this study was to assess the health risk attributed to the consumption of mercury-contaminated fish by Munduruku indigenous communities in the Middle-Tapajós Region. Different fish species were collected in the Sawré Muybu Indigenous Land to determine mercury levels. The health risk assessment was carried out according to the World Health Organization (WHO 2008) methodology and different scenarios were built for counterfactual analysis. Eighty-eight fish specimens from 17 species and four trophic levels were analyzed. Estimates of Hg ingestion indicated that the methylmercury daily intake exceeds the U.S. EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) (2000) reference dose from 3 to 25-fold, and up to 11 times the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization)/WHO (2003) dose recommendation. In all situations analyzed, the risk ratio estimates were above 1.0, meaning that the investigated Munduruku communities are at serious risk of harm as a result of ingestion of mercury-contaminated fish. These results indicate that, at present, fish consumption is not safe for this Munduruku population. This hazardous situation threatens the survival of this indigenous population, their food security, and their culture

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Manifestações emocionais e motoras de ribeirinhos expostos ao mercúrio na Amazônia

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Mercury Exposure in Munduruku Indigenous Communities from Brazilian Amazon: Methodological Background and an Overview of the Principal Results

Mercury Exposure in Munduruku Indigenous Communities from Brazilian Amazon: Methodological Background and an Overview of the Principal Results

A New Gold Rush: Brazil Fails to Control Illegal Mining and Watches Mechanized Mining Thrive in Amazonia

Health Risk Assessment of Mercury Exposure from Fish Consumption in Munduruku Indigenous Communities in the Brazilian Amazon

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