Mangrove plants as a source of lead compounds for the development of new antiplasmodial drugs from South East coast of India

Abstract

Malaria is the world's leading killer among the infectious diseases. The treatment of malaria is mystified by the challenges of widespread resistance of the malaria parasites to cheap and affordable antimalarial drugs. The present study was made in an attempt to identify the in vitro antiplasmodial activity against mangrove plant parts. (Avicennia marina, Acanthus ilicifolius, Bruguiera cylindrica, Excoecaria agallocha, Rhizophora apiculata, and Rhizophora mucronata mangrove plant extracts exhibited in vitro antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum). Of the selected mangrove plant parts, the bark extract of A. marina exhibited minimum concentration of inhibitory activities IC(50) 49.63 μg.ml(-1). The leaf extract of A. marina, the hypocotyl extract of B. cylindrica, the leaf extract of E. agallocha, the flower extract of R. mucronata, and the hypocotyl extract of R. apiculata showed IC(50) values between 50 and 100 μg.ml(-1). Statistical analysis reveals that significant antiplasmodial activity (P<0.05) was observed between the concentrations and time of exposure. The chemical injury to erythrocytes was also carried out, and it shows that there were no morphological changes in erythrocytes by the ethanolic extract of mangrove plants after 48 h of incubation. The in vitro antiplasmodial activity might be due to the presence of alkaloids, carboxylic acids, coumarins, saponins, flavonoids, xanthoproteins, tannins, phenols, sugars, resins, steroids, and proteins in the ethanolic extracts of mangrove plants. It is concluded from the present study that the ethanolic extracts of mangrove plant parts of A. marina possess lead compounds for the development of antiplasmodial drugs.

High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (Hptlc) Fingerprinting Pattern of Mangrove Avicennia Marina

“…The Avicennia marina possess various pharmacological and bioactive activities including anticancer [17][18][19], antimalarial [20][21][22], anti-inflammatory [23][24], antiviral [25][26], antioxidant [27][28][29], antibacterial [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], antifungal [33][34][35], herbal immunostimulant [36] and various protective effects [37] etc., made this mangrove a traceable source for already exist phytochemicals as well as new drug discovery in herbal treatment systems for various disease prevention. Apart from their plentiful uses in several disease treatments and ethnomedicinal worth and practicality, the chromatographies HPTLC pattern analysis or optimized fingerprint of Avicennia marina leaf, stem and root has not been fully reported yet and still very little is known related to whole Phytochemistry of its different plant parts.…”

In vitro antiplasmodial effect of ethanolic extracts of coastal medicinal plants along Palk Strait against Plasmodium falciparum

“…The importance of plants as effective antimalarials was further reinforced by the isolation of artemisinin from the Chinese medicinal plant, Artemisia annua (A. annua) [1] . Several plants with antiplasmodial properties have been proved as sources for novel antiplasmodial compounds [2][3][4][5][6][7] . India boasts remarkable biodiversity and rich cultural traditions of plant use.…”

Antiplasmodial potential of medicinal plant extracts from Malaiyur and Javadhu hills of South India

“…The chloroformic fraction of G. glabra at 10 mg/kg suppressed 86% parasitemia of an in vivo rodent model of P. berghei. The bark of Avicennia marina (Acanthaceae) extract exhibited an in vitro antiplasmodial activity against P. falciparum with a IC 50 value of 49.63 μg ml −1 (Ravikumar et al 2010). The in vitro anti-malarial activity of M. azedarach (Meliaceae) extracts against P. falciparum exhibited an IC 50 of 300 μg/ml (Ofulla et al 1995).…”