Manganese hexacyanomanganate open framework as a high-capacity positive electrode material for sodium-ion batteries

Abstract

Potential applications of sodium-ion batteries in grid-scale energy storage, portable electronics and electric vehicles have revitalized research interest in these batteries. However, the performance of sodium-ion electrode materials has not been competitive with that of lithium-ion electrode materials. Here we present sodium manganese hexacyanomanganate (Na 2 Mn II [Mn II (CN) 6 ]), an open-framework crystal structure material, as a viable positive electrode for sodium-ion batteries. We demonstrate a high discharge capacity of 209 mAh g À 1 at C/5 (40 mA g À 1 ) and excellent capacity retention at high rates in a propylene carbonate electrolyte. We provide chemical and structural evidence for the unprecedented storage of 50% more sodium cations than previously thought possible during electrochemical cycling. These results represent a step forward in the development of sodium-ion batteries.

Solvent-assisted synthesis of potassium copper hexacyanoferrate embedded 3D-interconnected porous hydrogel for highly selective and rapid cesium ion removal

“…In the HCF structure, the inserted cations could influence the C N bonding strain by the ionic radius difference between K + and Cs + [48]. Moreover, the XRD patterns ( 6 ] and concluded that the XRD patterns were ascribed to the appearance of new phases by adsorption of Cs + [49].…”

Prussian Blue MgLi Hybrid Batteries

“…Prussian blue analogues (PBA)—ATM[TM′(CN) 6 ] 1− x · y H 2 O (A = alkali; TM = transition metal)—have recently received attention as cathode materials for rechargeable non‐aqueous Li‐ion,20, 21, 22 Na‐ion,23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 Ca‐ion,30 aqueous divalent‐ion,31 and Al‐ion batteries 32. In this structure, cyano (C≡N − ) ligands are highly covalently bonded to the transition metal ions (TM 2+/3+ ) owing to strong π‐backbonding, gaining much better chlorination resistance than oxo (O 2− ) ligands.…”

Low Voltage Charge/Discharge Behavior of Manganese Hexacyanoferrate

“…Among nanoporous materials, transition metal hexacyanoferrates or Prussian blue and its analogues (PBAs), denoted as A x M[Fe(CN) 6 ] y (A and M, are the alkali and transition metals, respectively), are most intensively investigated for LIBs [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and sodium-ion secondary batteries (SIBs) [9][10][11][12][13]. The PBAs consist of three-dimensional cyano-bridged networks (jungle-gym type networks) of the transition metal, -M-NC-Fe-CN-M-, with periodic nano-cubes of 5 Å on each side [14,15].…”