Manganese Dioxide Nanozymes as Responsive Cytoprotective Shells for Individual Living Cell Encapsulation

Abstract

A powerful individual living cell encapsulation strategy for long-term cytoprotection and manipulation is reported. It uses manganese dioxide (MnO ) nanozymes as intelligent shells. As expected, yeast cells can be directly coated with continuous MnO shells via bio-friendly Mn-based mineralization. Significantly, the durable nanozyme shells not only can enhance the cellular tolerance against severe physical stressors including dehydration and lytic enzyme, but also enable the survival of cells upon contact with high levels of toxic chemicals for prolonged periods. More importantly, these encased cells after shell removal via a facile biomolecule stimulus can fully resume growth and functions. This strategy is applicable to a broad range of living cells.

Therapeutic Potential of Biomineralization‐Based Engineering

“…[59] In addition, the Ca 2+ ions can trigger the self-assembly of Au nanoparticles onto the cell walls of living yeast. [61] However, although the cells can direct the mineral surface deposition, it is still difficult to form uniform and continuous shell-like structures around a single cell without any modifications. [61] However, although the cells can direct the mineral surface deposition, it is still difficult to form uniform and continuous shell-like structures around a single cell without any modifications.…”

“…[101] Biomineralization-based yeast cell engineering can provide a long-term and adjustable cytoprotection, which is thought to be beneficial for the development of yeast-based therapy. [61] The yeast cells with poly(norepinephrine)-PEI-silica shells can resist desiccation and UV-C irradiation. [24] MnO 2 nanoparticles with enzyme-like properties have been deposited on yeast cells as functional shells, which provide switchable protection in response to glutathione (GSH) stimulus.…”

Single‐Cell Nanometric Coating Towards Whole‐Cell‐Based Biodevices and Biosensors

“…In addition to CaP and silica, some other oxides can also act as the protective shell inspired by diatom via direct coating or bio‐interface induced mineralization, such as MnO 2 , CeO 2 , and TiO 2 . MnO 2 ‐nanoenzyme shells were fabricated on both yeast and E. coli surfaces, with a simple solution mixing method.…”

“…This coating not only enhanced the cellular tolerance against various physical stressors, such as dehydration and lytic enzyme, but also protected the cells from high levels of toxic chemical, like H 2 O 2 . Furthermore, this shell can be smartly on‐demand taken off using GSH, with the recovery of cell growth and functions . Along this line of consideration, since CeO 2 nanoparticles could be utilized for filtering UV light and have good biocompatibility, the coating based on CeO 2 can protect cells from harmful UV, which was confirmed by simply mixing the Chlorella cells and CeO 2 nanoparticles in tris‐acetate‐phosphate medium to obtain the nanocoating.…”

Bioinspired Design of Fe3+‐Doped Mesoporous Carbon Nanospheres for Enhanced Nanozyme Activity

“…Such fascinating features enable nanozymes to function as nanoreagents for various applications . For example, Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs), CeO 2 , and graphene oxide have been demonstrated to possess peroxidase‐mimicking activity and have been used for biosensor development, environmental remediation, and nanomedicine …”