“…[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] It is also used for modification of other types of electrode materials such as screen printed electrodes, 36,37 copper disk electrodes, [38][39][40] pencil lead(II) electrode 41 and electrically heated electrode 42 and they are used for detection of different heavy metal ions such as cadmium, 12,14,21,24,26 lead, 12,21,27,29 zinc, 20,26,27 nickel, 23,28,34 cobalt, 23,24,28 indium, 21,30 thallium, 30 tin, 19 chromium 35 and manganese. 17 Edge plane and basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrodes are fabricated from highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The basal plane surface of an HOPG electrode consists of layers of graphite...…”