Electroanalytical Determination of Cadmium(II) and Lead(II) Using an in-situ Bismuth Film Modified Edge Plane Pyrolytic Graphite Electrode

Abstract

A highly sensitive and simple electroanalytical methodology is presented using an in-situ bismuth film modified edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode (BiF-EPPGE) which is exemplified with the simultaneous determination of cadmium(II) and lead(II). Square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry is utilised with the effects of several experimental variables studied. Simultaneous additions of cadmium(II) and lead(II) were investigated where two linear ranges between 0.1 -100 and 0.1 -300 μg/L and also detection limits of 0.062 and 0.084 μg/L were obtained, respectively. The method was then successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of cadmium(II) and lead(II) in spiked river water, where recoveries of 100.5 and 98% were obtained, respectively. This electroanalytical protocol using edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrodes is one of the simplest methodologies to date using non-mercury based electrodes and is simpler and cheaper than alternatives such as carbon nanotube electrode arrays, suggesting the use of edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode for routine sensing.

Voltammetric determination of size and particle concentration of Cd-based quantum dots

“…Screen-printed electrodes modified with a bismuth film were chosen as an excellent platform for the detection of Cd(II) and Cd-based QDs, as reported in the literature [26,27]. The reference technique in such works is the highly sensitive and simple anodic stripping voltammetry.…”

Electrochemical Study of the Capacity of Moringa oleifera to Chelate Heavy Metals

“…Recent works, reported in the literature, have shown several applications and electro analytical methodologies employing micro-electrodes as working electrodes [8][9][10][11][12]. Mercury based electrodes such as, mercury film electrodes and hanging mercury drop electrodes, has been traditionally used in stripping techniques because of their advantages such as high sensitivity, reproducibility, purity of the surface, high hydrogen over potential, and possibility of the amalgam formation and they have been recognized as the most sensitive electrodes for determination of heavy metals [13].…”

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate Ionic Liquid as a New Solvent for the Determination of Lead(II) and Cadmium(II) by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry after Extraction of the Iodide Complexes

“…12,13 Recently, the environmentally friendly bismuthfilm electrode has attracted increasing attention in anodic stripping analysis of Pb, Cd, Zn, Tl, Sn, As, Se and adsorptive stripping analysis of Ni, Co, U. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] On the other hand, voltammetric analysis in non-aqueous media has been carried out after liquid-liquid extractions with a range of organic solvents to overcome difficulties in selectivity that were often caused in aqueous media. We previously developed several voltammetric methods combined with liquid-liquid extractions with non-aqueous solvents such as acetonitrile, propylene carbonate, or dichloromethane.…”