Manganese consumption during zinc electrowinning using a dynamic process simulation

Mahon, Michael; Alfantazi, Akram

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2014.10.007

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The residual silver (ca. 50 ppm) can be recovered using a recently developed electrodeposition-redox replacement (EDRR) method. ,− Moreover, the presented H 2 SO 4 process with H 2 O 2 additive can be improved even further as the PLS after silver electrowinning could be delivered to zinc hydrometallurgical process for further recovery of Mn and Zn, while H 2 SO 4 on the other hand can be regenerated through a mature Zn electrowinning process, as MnSO 4 is an essential additive for Zn electrowinning from sulfate bath. …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of High-Purity Silver from Spent Silver Oxide Batteries by Sulfuric Acid Leaching and Electrowinning

Wang

Peng

Yliniemi

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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A sustainable and effective sulfuric acid-based process with the combination of facile acid leaching and electrowinning has been developed for the recovery of valuable elements from spent silver oxide batteries. Results suggest that the dissolution of elementary Ag was markedly promoted by the presence of MnO2 in the spent silver oxide batteries. Also, H2O2 was added to support an improved Mn and Ag extraction after 240 min of leaching. In the leaching step, 97% of silver and over 99% of Mn and Zn could be extracted under the optimum conditions: 1 mol/L H2SO4, a leaching temperature of 70 °C, an S/L ratio of 50 g/L, addition of 3 v/v % H2O2 at 240 min, and a total leaching time of 270 min. Ultra-pure silver (Ag w/w % ≥ 99.98%) was further recovered from the pregnant leaching solution (PLS) by potentiostatic electrowinning. Under the optimum deposition potential of −0.10 V and after 4 h of electrowinning, the silver recovery reached 98.5% with a high energy efficiency of 98.7%. Simultaneously, 5.6% Mn was recovered on the anode in the form of MnO2. Overall, these promising results suggest feasibility in the recycling of silver oxide batteries in sulfuric acid media.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of High-Purity Silver from Spent Silver Oxide Batteries by Sulfuric Acid Leaching and Electrowinning

Wang

Peng

Yliniemi

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…50 g/L). Mn concentration in the electrolyte is maintained at between 7 and 8 g/dm 3 in order to produce the MnO 2 layer required for the corrosion protection of the Pb-Ag anodes [27][28][29]. However, the high concentration of Mg (11-12 g/dm 3 ), besides causing the blockage of pipe systems [30][31][32] and difficulties in the mass-transfer process of zinc deposition [33], could also create extra electrolyte overpotential.…”

Section: Model Utilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the Effect of Solution Composition and Temperature on the Conductivity of Zinc Electrowinning Electrolytes

Wang

Aji

Wilson

et al. 2021

Metals

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Zinc electrowinning is an energy-intensive step of hydrometallurgical zinc production in which ohmic drop contributes the second highest overpotential in the process. As the ohmic drop is a result of electrolyte conductivity, three conductivity models (Aalto-I, Aalto-II and Aalto-III) were formulated in this study based on the synthetic industrial electrolyte conditions of Zn (50–70 g/dm3), H2SO4 (150–200 g/dm3), Mn (0–8 g/dm3), Mg (0–4 g/dm3), and temperature, T (30–40 °C). These studies indicate that electrolyte conductivity increases with temperature and H2SO4 concentration, whereas metal ions have negative effects on conductivity. In addition, the interaction effects of temperature and the concentrations of metal ions on solution conductivity were tested by comparing the performance of the linear model (Aalto-I) and interrelated models (Aalto-II and Aalto-III) to determine their significance in the electrowinning process. Statistical analysis shows that Aalto-I has the highest accuracy of all the models developed and investigated in this study. From the industrial validation, Aalto-I also demonstrates a high level of correlation in comparison to the other models presented in this study. Further comparison of model Aalto-I with the existing published models from previous studies shows that model Aalto-I substantially improves the accuracy of the zinc conductivity empirical model.

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“…As a result, the excess zinc powder, together with compounds of other metals (mainly cadmium and lead), form a residue known as Cadmium Sponge (CS) [8,9]. On the other hand, during electrolysis, to protect lead anodes from excessive corrosion, manganese compounds are added [7,10,11]. On the surface of the anodes, lead dioxide is formed by electro-oxidation and manganese (present in the bath) deposits as manganese oxide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These residues contain considerable amounts of valuable metals, such as zinc, cadmium, copper, and nickel [4,6]. Several studies have investigated the recovery of cadmium and copper from Cadmium Sponge [8,9,[16][17][18] and the recovery of noble metals from Anode Mud [11,19,20]. However, the global demand of Zn and the lack of development of recovery technologies on an industrial scale, due to technical problems or because they may give rise to secondary pollution, make it necessary for ZPR to be previously treated and disposed of in sanitary landfills [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Management Strategy for Solidification/Stabilization of Zinc Plant Residues (ZPR) by Fly Ash/Clay-Based Geopolymers

et al. 2022

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Solidification/stabilization (S/S) of acid waste using Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is widely implemented, but, due to the impact on climate change, alternative methods are being investigated. In this work, first, the feasibility of using coal fly-ash/clay-based geopolymers for the S/S of Zn plant residues (ZPR), Cadmium Sponge (CS), and Anode Mud (AM) is proposed as a treatment prior to disposal in landfills. Different variables, such as the type of processing, molding (as-received waste), and pressing (dried waste), and activators, a commercial and an alternative residual sodium carbonate, have been studied. The technical and environmental assessments of the S/S process by means of compressive strength and the leaching of critical pollutants have been monitored. Immobilization efficiencies of Cd and Zn higher than 99% have been obtained by dosing 50% of the acid waste, 6 M NaOH solution (20 min contact time), cured at 75 °C (48 h) and at room temperature (28 days), achieving in the leachates pH values of 7 to 10 and [Cd] and [Zn] < 1 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively. However, alkaline activation increases As leaching, mainly associated with the clay. Secondly, removing clay from the geopolymer formulation, the optimization of geopolymer parameters, acid waste/geopolymer ratio, liquid/solid ratio, and NaOH molar concentration enables obtaining a significant reduction in the release of As and Cd, and Zn is kept at acceptable values that meet the non-hazardous waste landfill disposal limits for the S/S of both acid wastes.

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Manganese consumption during zinc electrowinning using a dynamic process simulation

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

Recovery of High-Purity Silver from Spent Silver Oxide Batteries by Sulfuric Acid Leaching and Electrowinning

Recovery of High-Purity Silver from Spent Silver Oxide Batteries by Sulfuric Acid Leaching and Electrowinning

Modelling the Effect of Solution Composition and Temperature on the Conductivity of Zinc Electrowinning Electrolytes

Sustainable Management Strategy for Solidification/Stabilization of Zinc Plant Residues (ZPR) by Fly Ash/Clay-Based Geopolymers

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