Mandibular cortical bone structure as risk indicator in fractured and non-fractured 80-year-old men and women

Abstract

Objective To investigate the association between mandibular cortex parameters and fracture in a group of 286 men and women, 79–80 years of age. Study design In a cross-sectional study, the mandibular cortex was evaluated with Klemetti’s index for cortical erosion. The cortical thickness was measured with a ruler adjusting for the magnification factor. The odds ratio (OR) for fracture when having a severely eroded cortex or a cortex thickness < 3 mm was calculated. Results A normal cortex was found in 65% of men, whereas only 7% had a severely eroded cortex. The OR for severely eroded cortex as fracture risk predictor was significant (2.32; 95% CI 1.3–4.2), also when the female group was evaluated separately. A significant difference was found between the mean thickness for men (3.96 mm) and women (2.92 mm), respectively. The OR for cortical thickness < 3 mm was significant (2.00; 95% CI 1.1–3.6) in the total group, but not when men and women were evaluated separately. Conclusions Among old women, the cortical parameters were significantly associated with prevalent fracture. In old men, other circumstances may be more important.

Differences in Panoramic Mandibular Index value between male and female hypertension patients using panoramic radiography

“…The peak bone growth and development in males are known to be higher than in females, characterized by a larger peak growth in males compared to females, which leads to a slower decrease in mandibular cortical thickness in male patients. 10,19,20 The research results in Table 3 indicate that the group with age ≥ 65 years has the lowest average mandibular cortex value compared to other groups, with a value of 0.22 ± 0.06. These findings are consistent with the study by Naik A et al, which states that mandibular cortical thickness values tend to increase with age.…”

“…17,18 The development and bone density in women are also known to be greatly influenced by estrogen hormone, and during menopause, when the ovaries stop producing estrogen, it leads to an increase in bone loss. 10,19,20 Women usually have a higher level of compliance in taking amlodipine medication compared to men. This is what leads to a decrease in bone density.…”

Association between skull bone mineral density and periodontitis: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2014)

“…Furthermore, the mandibular inferior cortex such as mental index (MI) is a part of the panoramic radiograph that can be used to detect osteoporosis in asymptomatic individuals (34,35). The results of studies indicate that postmenopausal female dental patients who have MI less than 3 mm on panoramic radiographs, osteoporosis or lower skeletal BMD may be a risk (36,37). Notably, instead of being diagnostic criteria, these clinical indexes tend to warn about osteoporosis.…”

Risk detection of osteoporosis with panoramic radiograph using mental index in 30-60 years old patients (an overview in Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin)

“…Mens have two additional years of growth due to differences in maturation so that mens have greater bone mass than women. 21,22 Factors that also affect the growth of bone mass are hormonal. An increase in sex hormones can cause physiological changes, including an acceleration of the body's growth in general and the expansion of lymphoid tissue.…”