“…Kotler et al, 1993Kotler et al, , 1999Molotch, 1976), the continued importance of the public sector is highlighted (e.g. Ashworth and Voogd, 1988, 1990a, 1990bBovaird, 1994;Millington, 1997;Peck, 1995;Wilkinson, 1992). This is manifested, for example by the close relationship between urban place marketing and spatial planning (e.g.…”