Managing Plant Disease Risk in Diversified Cropping Systems

Krupinsky, J. M.; Bailey, K. L.; McMullen, Marcia; Gossen, B. D.; Turkington, T. K.

doi:10.2134/agronj2002.955a

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Underlying mechanisms contributing to yield responses are highly complex, and are probably the interaction of legume effects on soil water status, N availability and disruption of pest cycles 52,110,111 . Accordingly, association of N contributions from annual legumes with increased crop yield is not always consistent 51,110 . Conversely, perennial legumes, such as alfalfa, can provide significant shortterm (3-5 years) N additions to soil 112 and subsequent yield increases in grain crops following forage stand termination 113,114 .…”

Section: Fixing Nitrogen To Reduce External Inputsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Among the many options available to select and sequence crops, a fixed-sequence system, whereby crops are sequenced in a consistent, unchanging pattern, is the most simple. Fixed-sequence systems, however, can contribute to the development of pest and disease infestations 51,52 , be less responsive to external stressors (e.g., weather) 53 and may limit opportunities to take advantage of market conditions and/or government programs 47 . Accordingly, fixed sequences can suffer from significant drawbacks that limit their sustainability over the long term, particularly in the context of challenges associated with anticipated climate change 54 .…”

Section: Crop Selection and Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversification and ecosystem services for conservation agriculture: Outcomes from pastures and integrated crop–livestock systems

Sanderson

Archer

Hendrickson

et al. 2013

Renew. Agric. Food Syst.

128

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Conservation agricultural systems rely on three principles to enhance ecosystem services: (1) minimizing soil disturbance, (2) maximizing soil surface cover and (3) stimulating biological activity. In this paper, we explore the concept of diversity and its role in maximizing ecosystem services from managed grasslands and integrated agricultural systems (i.e., integrated crop-livestock-forage systems) at the field and farm level. We also examine trade-offs that may be involved in realizing greater ecosystem services. Previous research on livestock production systems, particularly in pastureland, has shown improvements in herbage productivity and reduced weed invasion with increased forage diversity but little response in terms of animal production. Managing forage diversity in pastureland requires new tools to guide the selection and placement of plant mixtures across a farm according to site suitability and the goals of the producer. Integrated agricultural systems embrace the concept of dynamic cropping systems, which incorporates a long-term strategy of annual crop sequencing that optimizes crop and soil use options to attain production, economic and resource conservation goals by using sound ecological management principles. Integrating dynamic cropping systems with livestock production increases the complexity of management, but also creates synergies among system components that may improve resilience and sustainability while fulfilling multiple ecosystem functions. Diversified conservation agricultural systems can sustain crop and livestock production and provide additional ecosystem services such as soil C storage, efficient nutrient cycling and conservation of biodiversity.

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Section: Fixing Nitrogen To Reduce External Inputsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Crop Selection and Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversification and ecosystem services for conservation agriculture: Outcomes from pastures and integrated crop–livestock systems

Sanderson

Archer

Hendrickson

et al. 2013

Renew. Agric. Food Syst.

128

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Elsewhere, although crop genetic diversity has been reported to produce less predictable results in plant-disease suppression than in the control of pests (Lin, 2011), using cultivar mixtures has been shown to control some plant diseases (Juroszek & von Tiedemann, 2011;Krupinsky, Bailey, McMullen, Gossen, & Turkington, 2002), including potato late blight, maize northern and southern leaf blight diseases in China (Xiahong, Shusheng, Haining, Yong, Yan, & Dong, 2010), blast disease in rice (Zhu, Chen, Fan, Wang, Li, & Chen, 2000), and Fusarium wilt in cotton (Yang, Ge, Ouyang, & Parajulee, 2012), among others. Thus, present research should focus on crop diversification as an entity to promote plant health while integrating other feasible cost-efficient and environmentally friendly methods, especially under integrated pest management.…”

Section: Pest and Disease Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop Diversification: A Potential Strategy To Mitigate Food Insecurity by Smallholders in sub-Saharan Africa

Njeru

2013

JAFSCD

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Citation: Mugendi Njeru, E. (2013). Crop diversification:A potential strategy to mitigate food insecurity by smallholders in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, 3(4) AbstractAs of 2010, about 239 million people in subSaharan Africa (SSA) were projected to be undernourished. With this figure expected to rise, concerted efforts to boost food production at the realm of global challenges such as climate instability and decline of nonrenewable resources are imperative. Food production in SSA presently faces the unprecedented challenge of producing sufficient and healthy food for the surging human population, while seeking to conserve the environment and reduce the use of nonrenewable resources and energy. Although over the past half century conventional agriculture has generally improved agricultural production in many parts of the world, this has come at high economic and environmental costs since intensive agriculture relies heavily on off-farm inputs. Conventional agriculture is also dependent on the use of specific crop varieties or hybrids that have been bred specifically to exploit high-input conditions. Conversely, crop varieties used in high-input systems are not often adapted to low-input farming, a key element of many smallholder farming systems. The exploitation of crop genetic diversity as a strategy to increase food production by smallholders in SSA and elsewhere in the world has not been critically examined. This aspect may provide new insights to global food insecurity since crop diversification is a fundamental tool for improving yield stability and crop resilience under changing climatic conditions.

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“…Rotating these broadleaf crops with cereals has shown both short-and long-term benefits. In the short term, diverse cropping systems improve nutrient-and water-use efficiency , increase grain yield and quality of subsequent crops , break disease cycles and provide more options for pest control (Krupinsky et al 2002), and improve overall economic returns of cropping system (Zentner et al 2001). In the longer term, crop diversification with pulses enhances the N supplying power of soil, leading to reduced requirements for inorganic fertilizers in subsequent crops (Campbell et al 2004), and improves the biochemical and microbiological attributes of the soil (Biederbeck et al 2005).…”

Section: Mots Clé Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Root mass for oilseed and pulse crops: Growth and distribution in the soil profile

Gan¹,

Campbell²,

Janzen³

et al. 2009

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 2009. Root mass for oilseed and pulse crops: Growth and distribution in the soil profile. Can. J. Plant Sci. 89: 883Á893. Crop roots transport water and nutrients to the plants, produce nutrients when they decompose in soil, and provide organic C to facilitate the process of C sequestration in the soil. Many studies on these subjects have been published for cereal crops, but little is known for oilseed and pulse crops. This study was conducted at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, in 2006 and 2007 to characterize the root growth and distribution profile in soil for selected oilseed and pulse crops. Three oilseed [canola (Brassica napus L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)], three pulse crops [chickpea (Cicer arietinum L), dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)], and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown in 100 cm deep )15 cm diameter lysimeters pushed into a silt loam soil. Crops were studied under rainfed and irrigated conditions. Lysimeters were removed from the field and sampled for above-ground (AG) and root mass at different depths at five growth stages. Root mass was highest for canola (1470 kg ha(1 ) and wheat (1311 kg ha ). The root mass of oilseeds and pulses reached a maximum between late-flowering and late-pod stages and then decreased to maturity, while wheat root mass decreased to maturity after reaching a maximum at boot stage. On average, about 77 to 85% of the root mass was located in the 0 (40 cm depth. Canola, mustard, and wheat rooted to 100 cm, while the pulses and flax had only 4 to 7% of the root mass beyond the 60 cm depth. Irrigation only increased root mass in the 0Á20 cm depth. Roots developed more rapidly than AG biomass initially, but the ratio of root biomass to AG biomass decreased with plant maturity. At maturity, the ratio of root biomass to AG biomass was 0.11 for dry pea, and between 0.20 and 0.22 for the other crops tested. Our findings on rooting depths and root mass distribution in the soil profile should be useful for modelling water and nutrient uptake by crops, estimating C inputs into soil from roots, and developing diverse cropping systems with cereals, oilseeds and pulses for semiarid environments. Les cultures ont e´te´e´tudie´es sous re´gime pluvial et sous irrigation. Les lysime`tres ont e´te´retire´s du champ, puis on les a e´chantillonne´s afin de mesurer la masse des organes ae´riens et celle des racines a`diverses profondeurs, a`cinq stades de croissance. Ce sont le canola et le ble´qui enregistrent la plus forte masse racinaire (1 470 kg et 1 311 kg par hectare, respectivement). Suivent la moutarde (893 kg par hectare) et le pois chiche (848 kg par hectare), le pois et le lin arrivant bon derniers (524 kg et 440 kg par hectare, respectivement). La masse racinaire des ole´agineux et des le´gumineuses atteint un maximum entre la fin de la floraison et la fin de la production des gousses. Ensuite, elle diminue jusqu'a`ce que la plante parvienne a`maturite´. En revanche, la masse racinaire du ble´commence a`diminu...

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Managing Plant Disease Risk in Diversified Cropping Systems

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Diversification and ecosystem services for conservation agriculture: Outcomes from pastures and integrated crop–livestock systems

Diversification and ecosystem services for conservation agriculture: Outcomes from pastures and integrated crop–livestock systems

Crop Diversification: A Potential Strategy To Mitigate Food Insecurity by Smallholders in sub-Saharan Africa

Root mass for oilseed and pulse crops: Growth and distribution in the soil profile

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