Managing Plant Disease Risk in Diversified Cropping Systems

Krupinsky, J. M.; Bailey, K. L.; McMullen, Marcia; Gossen, B. D.; Turkington, T. K.

doi:10.2134/agronj2002.0198

Cited by 239 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Certain root-associated soil microorganisms can control soilborne phytopathogens or improve plant nutrition (45)(46)(47)(48)(49). An optimal root mycota that supports plant growth and health as well as ecosystem functions is probably biodiverse and rich in species that antagonize pathogens and in species that improve the uptake of nutrients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotype-Specific Variation in the Structure of Root Fungal Communities Is Related to Chickpea Plant Productivity

Bazghaleh

Hamel

Gan

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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cIncreasing evidence supports the existence of variations in the association of plant roots with symbiotic fungi that can improve plant growth and inhibit pathogens. However, it is unclear whether intraspecific variations in the symbiosis exist among plant cultivars and if they can be used to improve crop productivity. In this study, we determined genotype-specific variations in the association of chickpea roots with soil fungal communities and evaluated the effect of root mycota on crop productivity. A 2-year field experiment was conducted in southwestern Saskatchewan, the central zone of the chickpea growing region of the Canadian prairie. The effects of 13 cultivars of chickpea, comprising a wide range of phenotypes and genotypes, were tested on the structure of root-associated fungal communities based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 18S rRNA gene markers using 454 amplicon pyrosequencing. Chickpea cultivar significantly influenced the structure of the root fungal community. The magnitude of the effect varied with the genotypes evaluated, and effects were consistent across years. For example, the roots of CDC Corrine, CDC Cory, and CDC Anna hosted the highest fungal diversity and CDC Alma and CDC Xena the lowest. Fusarium sp. was dominant in chickpea roots but was less abundant in CDC Corrine than the other cultivars. A bioassay showed that certain of these fungal taxa, including Fusarium species, can reduce the productivity of chickpea, whereas Trichoderma harzianum can increase chickpea productivity. The large variation in the profile of chickpea root mycota, which included growth-promoting and -inhibiting species, supports the possibility of improving the productivity of chickpea by improving its root mycota in chickpea genetic improvement programs using traditional breeding techniques.T he root microbiome has been referred to as "the second genome of the plant" due to its crucial impact on plant growth and health (1). Fungi comprise a diverse group of soil microbiota that contribute to plant nutrition, resilience to abiotic stress, and the development or suppression of disease, and they carry out ecological services for the cycling of nutrients through the decomposition of organic materials (2, 3). The association of roots with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and other beneficial fungal endophytes can improve plant health, nutrition, and tolerance to abiotic stress (4-6), whereas fungal pathogens can cause a variety of diseases and reduce the efficiency of crop production (7).Root diseases present important challenges for crop production. The application of fungicides is recommended to control soilborne pathogens in field crops (8); however, this practice is limited to seed treatments due to difficulties in application, increased crop production cost, and impacts on soil ecosystem sustainability. Moreover, fungicides have nontarget effects on beneficial microorganisms (9) and can exacerbate the incidence of disease by reducing soil microbial diversity (10). Hence, the creation of soil condition...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotype-Specific Variation in the Structure of Root Fungal Communities Is Related to Chickpea Plant Productivity

Bazghaleh

Hamel

Gan

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…In the northern Great Plains of North America, for example, traditional cereal-based monoculture systems have been extended and diversified by including various oilseed and pulse crops to complement the cereals (Zentner et al 2002;Gan et al 2003). Such diversified cropping often favors pest control (Krupinsky et al 2002), more efficient use of soil resources , enhanced soil N availability (Beckie et al 1997;Van Kessel and Hartley 2000), and improved overall soil productivity (Zentner et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen accumulation in plant tissues and roots and N mineralization under oilseeds, pulses, and spring wheat

et al. 2010

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To understand how pulse and oilseed crops might use nitrogen (N) more efficiently under varying levels of water and N availability in soil, we conducted a 2-year field study to monitor N accumulation in aboveground (AG-N) and root material at five growth stages, for canola (Brassica napus L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medicum) alongside spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Crops were grown in lysimeters (15 cm diameter × 100 cm deep) installed in the field in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. AG-N in all crops was greater under high-water than under low-water conditions. In oilseeds and wheat, AG-N increased until flowering then tended to level off, while in pulses it increased gradually to maturity. At maturity, dry pea and wheat had the greatest AG-N and mustard the least. Enhanced water availability increased seed N but did not affect straw N; consequently, N harvest index was greater under high-water than under lowwater conditions. Root N increased until late-flowering or late-pod (dough stage in wheat) then decreased to maturity. Mustard had the lowest root N, chickpea the second lowest, and canola, wheat, dry pea, and lentil the highest. Improved water availability increased root N for oilseeds and wheat but did not affect root N in pulses. At maturity, average root N of oilseeds, pulses, and wheat was 14, 17, and 20 kg ha -1 , respectively. At the seedling stage pulse crops had about 27% of total plant N in their roots, a much greater proportion than for the non-legumes. However, by maturity all crops had about 14% of plant N in their roots. Soil NO 3 -N increased gradually between seedling and maturity in non-legumes but in pulses there was a sharp spike at early flowering. Estimated apparent net N mineralized was similar for wheat and pulse crops which were greater than for canola and mustard. Soil N amounts and temporal change patterns varied substantially among crops evaluated, and these differences need to be considered in the development of diverse cropping Plant Soil (2010) 332:451-461 systems where cereals, legumes, and oilseeds are included in rotation systems.

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“…(5) In many diseases of annual crops the inoculum survives in perennial weeds or alternate hosts, and every season it is carried from them to the annual crop and other plants. Some fungi affecting annual plants overwinter as mycelium, resting or other spores or as sclerotia in infected plant debris (Agrios, 1997;Krupinsky, Bailey, McMullen, Gossen, & Turkington, 2002). The inconsistency in the results of the analysis for the crops harvested in 2001 and 2002 may be connected with the low number of crops involved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Rhexocercosporidium carotae on cold stored carrot roots in the Netherlands

Kastelein¹,

Stilma²,

Elderson³

et al. 2007

Eur J Plant Pathol

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Winter carrot for the fresh market is an important cash crop for many organic arable farms in the Netherlands. In recent years carrot roots from cold stores have been affected by superficial dark brown to black spots. To gain insight into the pathogens causing the blemish and the effect of agronomic practices on their occurrence, surveys were carried out among crops harvested in 2001 and 2002. In addition carrots harvested in 2003 were screened for root spotting pathogens. Rhexocercosporidium carotae (syn. Acrothecium carotae and Pseudocercosporidium carotae) was the dominant pathogen in blackish spots on carrots harvested in 2001. On carrots harvested in 2002 and 2003 Alternaria radicina was detected more frequently. Multiple regression analysis indicated that a higher occurrence of the blemish may be linked with harvest conditions and presence of umbelliferous plants. The effect of the temperature on conidial germination, mycelial growth and pathogenicity of R. carotae was studied. The estimated optimum and maximum temperature for growth of R. carotae was 19 and 29°C, respectively. Inoculation experiments demonstrated that wounds are good invasion routes. Infection occurred at 3, 10 and 20°C, but not at 30°C. Penetration into wounds was greatest at 20°C.

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Managing Plant Disease Risk in Diversified Cropping Systems

Cited by 239 publications

References 7 publications

Genotype-Specific Variation in the Structure of Root Fungal Communities Is Related to Chickpea Plant Productivity

Genotype-Specific Variation in the Structure of Root Fungal Communities Is Related to Chickpea Plant Productivity

Nitrogen accumulation in plant tissues and roots and N mineralization under oilseeds, pulses, and spring wheat

Occurrence of Rhexocercosporidium carotae on cold stored carrot roots in the Netherlands

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