Managing Multiple Vectors for Marine Invasions in an Increasingly Connected World

Williams, Susan L.; Davidson, Ian; Pasari, Jae R.; Ashton, Gail; Carlton, James T.; Crafton, R. Eliot; Fontana, Rachel E.; Grosholz, Edwin D.; Miller, A. Whitman; Ruiz, Gregory M.; Zabin, Chela J.

doi:10.1525/bio.2013.63.12.8

Cited by 93 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The aim of this convention is to prevent, minimise and eliminate the risks associated with transferring harmful organisms in ballast water (IMO 2004) and in 2017 the Convention entered into force (IMO 2017). Since the initial development of this Convention, the role of ballast water in transporting marine species is likely to have been reduced and although hull fouling was always present, this has emerged as the dominant vector for marine species transfer (Hewitt et al 2009;Williams et al 2013). Shipping is responsible for approximately 91% of marine introductions to South Africa, but it is extremely difficult to associate particular introductions with ballast water or hull fouling, as many species can be introduced via either vector.…”

Section: Vectors Driving Marine Invasionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal Invasions: The South African Context

Robinson

Peters

Brooker

2020

Biological Invasions in South Africa

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In total, 95 marine alien species are known from the South African coast, of which 56 have spread from their points of introduction to become invasive. While just over half of these alien species are restricted to harbours, 45 invasive species have been recorded in natural habitats. The association between marine alien species and harbours reflects the importance of shipping as a pathway for introducing novel marine biota. In the South African context, 91% of introductions have been linked to this mode of transport, with the majority originating from the North Atlantic Ocean. The most invaded region is the Southern Benguela ecoregion along the west coast, where 67 alien species have been detected, with the number declining towards the east. The drivers of this spatial pattern are not yet fully understood, although an interaction between vector strength and compatibility of climate between recipient and donor harbours is likely to play a role. Three species, the Mediterranean Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, the Chilean Mussel Semimytilus algosus and the Pacific Barnacle Balanus glandula, have become abundant and widespread along the open coast, and are dominant on wave-exposed rocky shores along the west coast. Here, their sequential invasions have altered intertidal community structure, predominantly through their high abundance and resultant alteration of habitat complexity. Furthermore, the potential threat posed by alien biota to the effectiveness of marine protected areas (MPAs) is increasingly being recognised. Baseline surveys of 19 South African MPAs have revealed the presence of 22 alien species from eight phyla. The highest number of alien species (9) has been noted in Langebaan Lagoon (along the west coast), while Sixteen Mile Beach and Helderberg MPAs (along the west and south coasts, respectively) remain the only MPAs free of alien species. Dedicated research effort in the last two decades has undoubtedly provided valuable

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Section: Vectors Driving Marine Invasionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal Invasions: The South African Context

Robinson

Peters

Brooker

2020

Biological Invasions in South Africa

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“…For multipathway introductions, we examined records using unweighted and weighted approaches (sensu Williams et al, 2013). The unweighted method identifies the maximum number of introduction events attributed to each possible pathway, whereas the weighted measurement gives an estimate of the relative contribution of each possible pathway to a single introduction event (Williams et al, 2013). As both approaches produced qualitatively similar results, only those obtained using the unweighted method are presented.…”

Section: Pathways Of Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vessels (48%) were the dominant pathway for single-pathway introductions, followed by natural spread (19%), aquaculture activities (14%), wild fisheries (14%), and live food trade (5%; Figure 4a). For multipathway introductions, we examined records using unweighted and weighted approaches (sensu Williams et al, 2013). The unweighted method identifies the maximum number of introduction events attributed to each possible pathway, whereas the weighted measurement gives an estimate of the relative contribution of each possible pathway to a single introduction event (Williams et al, 2013).…”

Section: Pathways Of Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change opens new frontiers for marine species in the Arctic: Current trends and future invasion risks

Chan

Stanislawczyk

Sneekes

et al. 2018

Global Change Biology

148

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Climate change and increased anthropogenic activities are expected to elevate the potential of introducing nonindigenous species (NIS) into the Arctic. Yet, the knowledge base needed to identify gaps and priorities for NIS research and management is limited. Here, we reviewed primary introduction events to each ecoregion of the marine Arctic realm to identify temporal and spatial patterns, likely source regions of NIS, and the putative introduction pathways. We included 54 introduction events representing 34 unique NIS. The rate of NIS discovery ranged from zero to four species per year between 1960 and 2015. The Iceland Shelf had the greatest number of introduction events (n = 14), followed by the Barents Sea (n = 11), and the Norwegian Sea (n = 11). Sixteen of the 54 introduction records had no known origins. The majority of those with known source regions were attributed to the Northeast Atlantic and the Northwest Pacific, 19 and 14 records, respectively. Some introduction events were attributed to multiple possible pathways. For these introductions, vessels transferred the greatest number of aquatic NIS (39%) to the Arctic, followed by natural spread (30%) and aquaculture activities (25%). Similar trends were found for introductions attributed to a single pathway. The phyla Arthropoda and Ochrophyta had the highest number of recorded introduction events, with 19 and 12 records, respectively. Recommendations including vector management, horizon scanning, early detection, rapid response, and a pan‐Arctic biodiversity inventory are considered in this paper. Our study provides a comprehensive record of primary introductions of NIS for marine environments in the circumpolar Arctic and identifies knowledge gaps and opportunities for NIS research and management. Ecosystems worldwide will face dramatic changes in the coming decades due to global change. Our findings contribute to the knowledge base needed to address two aspects of global change—invasive species and climate change.

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“…Marine and coastal ecosystems worldwide are being invaded at extraordinary rates as a result of human activities such as shipping, aquaculture, fisheries, ornamental and live seafood trades, the opening and construction of canals, habitat modification, and climate change, which provide increasing opportunities for marine NIS to be introduced and subsequently established in new environments (Occhipinti-Ambrogi and Savini 2003; Molnar et al 2008; Williams et al 2013). Therefore, studies focusing on biological invasions in marine and coastal environments are warranted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of recent research in marine biological invasions

Chan

Briski

2017

Mar Biol

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The Topical Collection on Invasive Species includes 50 articles addressing many tenets of marine invasion ecology. The collection covers important topics relating to propagule pressure associated with transport vectors, species characteristics, attributes of recipient ecosystems, invasion genetics, biotic interactions, testing of invasion hypotheses, invasion dynamics and spread, and impacts of nonindigenous species. This article summarizes some of the collection’s highlights.

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Managing Multiple Vectors for Marine Invasions in an Increasingly Connected World

Cited by 93 publications

References 6 publications

Coastal Invasions: The South African Context

Coastal Invasions: The South African Context

Climate change opens new frontiers for marine species in the Arctic: Current trends and future invasion risks

An overview of recent research in marine biological invasions

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