Management System for Large Li-Ion Battery Packs with a New Adaptive Multistage Charging Method

Velho, Ricardo; Beirão, Miguel Duarte; Calado, M.R.A.; Pombo, J.A.N.; Fermeiro, João; Mariano, S.J.P.S.

doi:10.3390/en10050605

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…For battery designers, it makes it difficult to compare competing cell designs and to identify a superior design. For battery integrators, it poses serious challenges with regards to charge-balancing strategies [7] and warranty terms. For academic researchers and prospective industrial buyers, it questions if a sound conclusion can be reached in durability studies with little to no repeatability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic Variability in the Degradation of a Batch of Commercial 18650 Lithium-Ion Cells

2018

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Abstract:The use of lithium batteries for power and energy-hungry applications has risen drastically in recent years. For such applications, it is necessary to connect the batteries in large assemblies of cells in series and parallel. With a large number of cells operating together, it is necessary to understand their intrinsic variabilities, not only at the initial stage but also upon aging. In this study, we studied a batch of commercial cells to address their initial cell-to-cell variations and also the variations induced by cycling. To do so, we not only tracked several metrics associated with cell performance, the maximum capacity, the resistance, and the rate capability but also the degradation mechanism via a non-invasive quantification of the loss of lithium inventory (LLI), the loss of active material (LAM) and the kinetic degradation on both electrodes. We found that, even with small initial cell-to-cell variations, significant variations will be observed upon aging because the cells degrade at a different pace. We also observed that these variations were not correlated with the initial variations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic Variability in the Degradation of a Batch of Commercial 18650 Lithium-Ion Cells

2018

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“…In the first simulation setting, the SC converter with the aforementioned parameters, supplied by a voltage source, was implemented to charge the EDLC string. The maximum operating voltage of an ordinary EDLC cell is rated at 2.7 V. The total forward voltage drop of the diodes in an SC unit would be about 0.75 V. Adding a 0.05 V safety margin to By substituting k = 4, the average R SC of an SC unit would be about 0.85 Ω according to Equation (4). Under open-loop control with the SIMO SC converter, the cell voltages were equally charged to about 2.65 V by the same 3.4 V voltage source.…”

Section: Parameters Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, the capacitor current waveform indicates that ZCS was attained with the parameters listed in Table 1 and designed according to Equations (3) and (5). By substituting k = 4, the average RSC of an SC unit would be about 0.85 Ω according to Equation (4). Under open-loop control with the SIMO SC converter, the cell voltages were equally charged to about 2.65 V by the same 3.4 V voltage source.…”

Section: Parameters Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the manufacturing tolerance and variations of the environmental conditions, the charge-discharge operation of the battery or super-capacitor as a whole string induces state-of-charge (SOC) inequality among individual cells. The imbalance in the SOC can push specific cells beyond the normal operating condition, degrade the lifespan of the energy storage devices, and, eventually, accelerate the failure of the system [1][2][3][4]. Therefore, charge equalization plays an important role in the management and maintenance of ESSs [2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-Port Zero-Current Switching Switched-Capacitor Converters for Battery Management Applications

et al. 2018

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Abstract:A novel implementation of multi-port zero-current switching (ZCS) switched-capacitor (SC) converters for battery management applications is presented. In addition to the auto-balancing feature offered by the SC technique, the proposed SC converter permits individual control of the charging or discharging current of the series-connected energy storage elements, such as the battery or super-capacitor cells. This approach enables advanced state control and accelerates the equalizing process by coordinated operation with the battery management system (BMS) and an adjustable voltage source, which can be implemented by a DC-DC converter interfaced to the energy storage string. Different configurations, including the single-input multi-output (SIMO), multi-input single-output (MISO) SC converters, and the corresponding altered circuits for string-to-cells, cells-to-string, as well as cells-to-cells equalizers, are discussed with a circuit analysis and derivation of the associated mathematical representation. The simulation study and experimental results indicated a significant increase in the balancing speed with the presence of BMS and closed-loop control of cell currents.

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“…The BESS is based on a BMS that optimizes the energy storage and implements an adequate charge procedure, which changes the charging rate and plans the SOC of the battery depending on the MG scenarios. The BMS has all the elements summarized in Table 2 [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59]. A battery electrical model is described, which allows for determining all the static and dynamic characteristics of the battery.…”

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confidence: 99%

Practical Analysis and Design of a Battery Management System for a Grid-Connected DC Microgrid for the Reduction of the Tariff Cost and Battery Life Maximization

et al. 2018

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This study is focused on two areas: the design of a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) for a grid-connected DC Microgrid and the power management of that microgrid. The power management is performed by a Microgrid Central Controller (MGCC). A Microgrid operator provides daily information to the MGCC about the photovoltaic generation profile, the load demand profile, and the real-time prices of the electricity in order to plan the power interchange between the BESS and the main grid, establishing the desired state of charge (SOC) of the batteries at any time. The main goals of the power management strategy under study are to minimize the cost of the electricity that is imported from the grid and to maximize battery life by means of an adequate charging procedure, which sets the charging rate as a function of the MG state. Experimental and simulation results in many realistic scenarios demonstrate that the proposed methodology achieves a proper power management of the DC microgrid.

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Management System for Large Li-Ion Battery Packs with a New Adaptive Multistage Charging Method

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Intrinsic Variability in the Degradation of a Batch of Commercial 18650 Lithium-Ion Cells

Intrinsic Variability in the Degradation of a Batch of Commercial 18650 Lithium-Ion Cells

Multi-Port Zero-Current Switching Switched-Capacitor Converters for Battery Management Applications

Practical Analysis and Design of a Battery Management System for a Grid-Connected DC Microgrid for the Reduction of the Tariff Cost and Battery Life Maximization

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