Management strategies for vaccinated animals after an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease and the impact on return to trade

Bradhurst, Richard; Garner, Graeme; East, I.J.; Death, Clare; Dodd, Aaron J.; Kompas, Tom

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0223518

Cited by 16 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…This is driven by resourcing issues and ethical, environmental, and welfare concerns over the large-scale culling of animals ( 5 , 25 , 27 – 30 ). While vaccination may contribute to earlier eradication of the disease, it will be associated with additional costs—keeping vaccinated animals in the population will delay the period until FMD-free status is regained under current World Organization for Animal Health standards ( 13 , 31 ) and add additional complexity to post-outbreak surveillance programs ( 32 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simulation Study of the Use of Vaccination to Control Foot-and-Mouth Disease Outbreaks Across Australia

et al. 2021

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This study examines the potential for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) control strategies that incorporate vaccination to manage FMD spread for a range of incursion scenarios across Australia. Stakeholder consultation was used to formulate control strategies and incursion scenarios to ensure relevance to the diverse range of Australian livestock production regions and management systems. The Australian Animal Disease Spread model (AADIS) was used to compare nine control strategies for 13 incursion scenarios, including seven control strategies incorporating vaccination. The control strategies with vaccination differed in terms of their approaches for targeting areas and species. These strategies are compared with two benchmark strategies based on stamping out only. Outbreak size and duration were compared in terms of the total number of infected premises, the duration of the control stage of an FMD outbreak, and the number of vaccinated animals. The three key findings from this analysis are as follows: (1) smaller outbreaks can be effectively managed by stamping out without vaccination, (2) the size and duration of larger outbreaks can be significantly reduced when vaccination is used, and (3) different vaccination strategies produced similar reductions in the size and duration of an outbreak, but the number of animals vaccinated varied. Under current international standards for regaining FMD-free status, vaccinated animals need to be removed from the population at the end of the outbreak to minimize trade impacts. We have shown that selective, targeted vaccination strategies could achieve effective FMD control while significantly reducing the number of animals vaccinated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simulation Study of the Use of Vaccination to Control Foot-and-Mouth Disease Outbreaks Across Australia

et al. 2021

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“…Whilst these features are available in EuFMDiS, they were omitted from the case study in the interests of brevity. It is unwise to draw conclusions on the costeffectiveness of vaccination in a control program without also considering whether vaccinated animals are destroyed or retained in the population, and the related implications on post-outbreak surveillance and mandatory OIE waiting periods prior to return to trade (Bradhurst et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The choice of policy influences post-outbreak resource requirements and compensation payments (if vaccinated animals are removed), and the length of the mandatory OIE waiting period before return to trade (Bradhurst et al, 2019).…”

Section: Post-outbreak Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the EuFMDiS and AADIS modelling frameworks have a common underlying code baseline, EuFMDiS inherits from previous AADIS verification and validation activities, and modelling studies (Bradhurst, 2015;Bradhurst et al, 2015;Bradhurst et al, 2016;Garner et al, 2016;Van Andel et al, 2018;Bradhurst et al, 2019;Firestone et al, 2019;Firestone et al, 2020).…”

Section: Verification and Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a transboundary model of livestock disease in Europe

Bradhurst

Garner

Hovari

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Epidemiological models of notifiable livestock disease are typically framed at a national level and targeted for specific diseases. There are inherent difficulties in extending models beyond national borders as details of the livestock population, production systems and marketing systems of neighbouring countries are not always readily available. It can also be a challenge to capture heterogeneities in production systems, control policies, and response resourcing across multiple countries, in a single transboundary model. In this paper we describe EuFMDiS, a continental-scale modelling framework for transboundary animal disease, specifically designed to support emergency animal disease planning in Europe. EuFMDiS simulates the spread of livestock disease within and between countries and allows control policies to be enacted and resourced on per-country basis. It provides a sophisticated decision support tool that can be used to look at the risk of disease introduction, establishment and spread; control approaches in terms of effectiveness and costs; resource management; and post-outbreak management issues.

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“…Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious, devastating Disease and having economic impact with high morbidity rate in cloven-hoofed animals, including important livestock species such as cattle and buffalos (Alexandersen et al 2003; Thompson et al 2002;Yang et al 2020). Following FMD virus infection around 25% loss of productivity of infected animals was recorded including loss or reduction in animals' milk production (Bradhurst et al 2019;Ferrari et al 2014). The loss records in national and international economy and trade following an outbreak make FMD the most priority concern for livestock owners.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic and Prophylactic Potential of FMD Virus-specific Polyvalent Immunoglobulins during an FMD Outbreak in Cattle

2021

Int J Vet Sci

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Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious and economically devastating disease of cloven-hoofed animals worldwide. In the present study the therapeutic and prophylactic potential of polyclonal, polyvalent FMD virus-specific bovine antibodies has been investigated as a possible approach for rapid control, lessening of the severity of clinical signs and prophylactic protection of susceptible animals during FMD outbreaks. The prepared FMD virus-specific polyvalent immunoglobulins were concentrated, purified, filter sterilized (0.22nm) and its titer against the FMD virus serotypes, A, O and SAT2, was adjusted to 2.15, 2.25 and 2.10 log10 TCID50/ml, respectively. In an experimental FMDV induced infection, the immunoglobulin therapy was given 4 days post experimental infection. The effect of different doses of immunoglobulins (4, 6 and 8ml) the severity of the clinical signs, healing of lesions and virus shedding was determined. A dose of 8 ml (2.0 log10 TCID50/ml) of the prepared FMD virus-specific antibodies proved highly effective in reducing the severity of the clinical signs and inducing recovery within 48 - 96hrs post therapy, as compared with the control non-treated infected calves. A dose related recovery rate was recorded. Field trial was conducted and evaluated during the FMD outbreak in Egypt during 2016/2017. Significant reduction of the morbidity of the disease and 100% reduction of mortality were recorded. The prepared FMD virus-specific bovine polyvalent antibodies proved to be a drug of choice during FMD outbreaks protecting susceptible animals and inducing rapid recovery of diseased one associated with reducing clinical signs severity and reducing virus shedding.

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Management strategies for vaccinated animals after an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease and the impact on return to trade

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

A Simulation Study of the Use of Vaccination to Control Foot-and-Mouth Disease Outbreaks Across Australia

A Simulation Study of the Use of Vaccination to Control Foot-and-Mouth Disease Outbreaks Across Australia

Development of a transboundary model of livestock disease in Europe

Therapeutic and Prophylactic Potential of FMD Virus-specific Polyvalent Immunoglobulins during an FMD Outbreak in Cattle

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