Management Problems of Ecological Reconstruction of Soils from Burnaz’ Plain and

Abstract

More than 5 millions hectares of arable land from the total of 9 millions arable land have suffered, in the last 40 years, strong phenomena of ecological degradation due to the excess of works with the plow and to incorrect use of inputs (fertilizers with nitrogen and pesticides). The quantity of humus was reduced by up to 60%, while the biomass from inside the soil decreased 10 times. In this paper is described an ecological reconstruction model of a chernozem soil from the Burnaz Plain, Alexandria area, starting from the tillage system modification on an optimized crop rotation with ameliorative plants (peas, soy, wheat, rape, corn, sunflower) and by introducing into the soil a quantity of up to 4 tonnes/ha residual organic matter associated with activating biocomposts. The results obtained have led to the very significant change of soil’s physical, biological and biochemical properties. The soil compactity was reduced of almost 7 times on the hardpan area, the amount of water held in soil has been improved by over 4 times, the biological activity of soil has increased more than 5 times and the level of premium wheat production has increased more than 3,5 times, as well as its quality (minimum 15% protein).