Management Practices to Reduce Lupine-Induced Crooked Calf Syndrome in the Northwest

Panter, Kip E.; Clinesmith, Roy; Platt, Terry

doi:10.2111/rangelands-d-12-00074.1

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…47−49 During critical times of gestation, the ingestion of several lupin species by pregnant cattle has been associated with the so-called crooked calf syndrome. 12,50,51 Anagyrine has been identified as a main causative QA, but anagyrine was not detected in BSL used in the present study. 50,51 So far, possible intoxication of calves by anagyrine or other QA in milk has not been reported, but according to the present results, this has to be taken into consideration.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…12,50,51 Anagyrine has been identified as a main causative QA, but anagyrine was not detected in BSL used in the present study. 50,51 So far, possible intoxication of calves by anagyrine or other QA in milk has not been reported, but according to the present results, this has to be taken into consideration.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…However, other studies with cattle observed symptoms like reduced general condition, frothing at the mouth, and protrusion of the nictating membrane with higher total QA intake levels of 57.6 g QAs/kg bw . Severe toxic effects of QA in cattle have been described only for the teratogenic QA anagyrine. − During critical times of gestation, the ingestion of several lupin species by pregnant cattle has been associated with the so-called crooked calf syndrome. ,, Anagyrine has been identified as a main causative QA, but anagyrine was not detected in BSL used in the present study. , So far, possible intoxication of calves by anagyrine or other QA in milk has not been reported, but according to the present results, this has to be taken into consideration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigations on the Transfer of Quinolizidine Alkaloids from Lupinus angustifolius into the Milk of Dairy Cows

Engel

Klevenhusen

Moenning

et al. 2022

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Lupin varieties with a low content of quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) like blue sweet lupin (BSL) have long been used as a protein source for dairy cows. A health concern for humans may arise from the transfer of acute toxic QAs from feed into cow’s milk. This study is the first to quantify the transfer of QAs from BSL into cow’s milk with experimental and modeling methods. Four lactating dairy cows were subjected to two 7 day feeding periods with 1 and 2 kg/d BSL, respectively, each followed by a depuration period. BSL contained 1774 mg/kg dry matter total QAs. Individual milk samples were taken twice daily and QA contents in feed and milk determined with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Transfer of QAs into the milk was already seen with the administration of 1 kg/d BSL, with differences in transfer rates (TRs) between individual QAs. A toxicokinetic model was derived to quantify and predict QA feed-to-food transfer. For the four most prominent QAs, our model shows an α-half-life of around 0.27 d. TRs were obtained for six QAs and were between 0.13 (sparteine) and 3.74% (multiflorine). A toxicological assessment of milk containing QAs as measured in this study indicated a potential health concern.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigations on the Transfer of Quinolizidine Alkaloids from Lupinus angustifolius into the Milk of Dairy Cows

Engel

Klevenhusen

Moenning

et al. 2022

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Although these N secondary metabolites play important roles on plant defense mechanisms, they can also have toxic and teratogenic effects on ruminants. The teratogenic quinolizidine alkaloid anagyrine and the piperidine alkaloids ammodendrine and N-methylammodendrine have been described to cause crooked calf syndrome (63,64), a disease induced by the consumption of the teratogenic lupin alkaloids during early pregnancy that causes maternal muscular weakness and ataxia as well as skeletal deformities in the newborn such as arthrogryposis, scoliosis, kyphosis, and cleft palate (65).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upcycling post-harvest biomass residues from native European Lupinus species: from straws and pod shells production to nutritive value and alkaloids content for ruminant animals

et al. 2023

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The production of Lupinus seeds for food and feed is increasing worldwide, which results in large amounts of post-harvest biomass residues, considered of low value and left in the field to be burned or incorporated in the soil. To valorize these agricultural wastes, this work aimed to assess their potential as an alternative feed for ruminants. Thus, the production yield, nutritive value, and alkaloid content of straws and pod shells from three native European Lupinus species, L. albus ‘Estoril’ (white), L. angustifolius ‘Tango’ (narrow-leafed), and L. luteus ‘Cardiga’ (yellow), cultivated in two locations, were evaluated. The dry matter (DM) yield of straws and pod shells were the highest for L. albus ‘Estoril’ (4.10 t ha−1) and the lowest for L. angustifolius ‘Tango’ (1.78 t ha−1), suggesting a poor adaptation of narrow-leafed lupin to the particularly dry and warm agronomic year. Despite species-specific differences, lupin biomass residues presented higher crude protein (53.0–68.9 g kg−1 DM) and lignin (103–111 g kg−1 DM) content than cereal straws usually used in ruminant feeding, thus resulting in higher metabolizable energy (6.43–6.58 MJ kg−1 DM) content. In vitro digestibility was similar among lupin species (47.7–50.6%) and higher in pod shells (53.7%) than in straws (44.6%). Lupinus albus ‘Estoril’ and L. luteus ‘Cardiga’ presented considerable amounts of alkaloids in straws (23.9 and 119 mg kg−1 DM) and pod shells (20.5 and 298 mg kg−1 DM), while no alkaloids were detected in L. angustifolius ‘Tango’ biomass residues. Considering the combined production of straw and pod shells per lupin species, it is anticipated that lupin biomass residues produced per ha can fulfill 85% of the energy and nearly 50% of protein requirements of a flock of 4 to 9 dry and mid-pregnancy sheep with 50 kg body weight for one year. No negative effects on small (ovine) and large (bovine) ruminant species due to alkaloids are expected, even if biomass residues are consumed at up to 85% DM intake. The large production yield along with its nutritive value unveils the potential of lupin biomass residues valorization as alternative fodder for ruminants, promoting sustainability under a circular economy approach.

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Poisonous plants

Panter

Welch

Gardner

2014

Biomarkers in Toxicology

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Management Practices to Reduce Lupine-Induced Crooked Calf Syndrome in the Northwest

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Investigations on the Transfer of Quinolizidine Alkaloids from Lupinus angustifolius into the Milk of Dairy Cows

Investigations on the Transfer of Quinolizidine Alkaloids from Lupinus angustifolius into the Milk of Dairy Cows

Upcycling post-harvest biomass residues from native European Lupinus species: from straws and pod shells production to nutritive value and alkaloids content for ruminant animals

Poisonous plants

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