Poisonous plants

Panter, Kip E.; Welch, Kevin D.; Gardner, Dale R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-404630-6.00033-6

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“… 199 For instance, the QAs present in seeds, pods, leaves, aerial parts, and roots of some genistoid plants have been broadly studied, and the alkaloids causing the lupin bittering contain mostly lupanine, lupinine, and hydroxylupanine. 53 Such bitter-related QAs have an excitatory effect on the CNS, depressing the respiratory and vasomotor centers, mainly observed in sheep, 200 and exhibiting acute anticholinergic toxicity. These facts promoted lupin seed debittering or the research on low QA-containing lupin varieties since lupin seeds are good food options due to their protein content and quality.…”

Section: Bioactivity Of Quinolizidine Alkaloids: An Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quinolizidine-Type Alkaloids: Chemodiversity, Occurrence, and Bioactivity

2023

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Quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) are nitrogen-containing compounds produced naturally as specialized metabolites distributed in plants and animals (e.g., frogs, sponges). The present review compiles the available information on the chemical diversity and biological activity of QAs reported during the last three decades. So far, 397 QAs have been isolated, gathering 20 different representative classes, including the most common such as matrine (13.6%), lupanine (9.8%), anagyrine (4.0%), sparteine (5.3%), cytisine (6.5%), tetrahydrocytisine (4.3%), lupinine (12.1%), macrocyclic bisquinolizidine (9.3%), biphenylquinolizidine lactone (7.1%), dimeric (7.1%), and other less known QAs (20.9%), which include several structural patterns of QAs. A detailed survey of the reported information about the bioactivities of these compounds indicated their potential as cytotoxic, antiviral, antimicrobial, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, and antiacetylcholinesterase compounds, involving favorable putative drug-likeness scores. In this regard, research progress on the structural and biological/pharmacological diversity of QAs requires further studies oriented on expanding the chemical space to find bioactive scaffolds based on QAs for pharmacological and agrochemical applications.

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Section: Bioactivity Of Quinolizidine Alkaloids: An Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quinolizidine-Type Alkaloids: Chemodiversity, Occurrence, and Bioactivity

2023

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“…The symptomology appeared after several weeks of locoweed ingestion, with depression, dull-appearing eyes, and incoordination progressing to uncharacteristic behavior including aggression, staggering, and solitary behavior, along with wasting, and ending in death if continued consumption is allowed. [6] Recently, Astragalus and Oxytropis species were found to systematically contain an endophyte fungal Embellisia species, which was found to be able to synthesize toxic amounts of swainsonine, [7] raising the question about the origin of swainsonine: is it biosynthesed by the plants or by fungal colonies?…”

Section: Natural Abundance Of D-swainsoninementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The locoweed poising was firstly reported in 1873. The symptomology appeared after several weeks of locoweed ingestion, with depression, dull‐appearing eyes, and incoordination progressing to uncharacteristic behavior including aggression, staggering, and solitary behavior, along with wasting, and ending in death if continued consumption is allowed [6] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the Chemistry of (−)‐D‐Swainsonine

Drogalin

2022

ChemistrySelect

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Drogalin* [a] (À )-D-Swainsonine is an indolizidine alkaloid molecule with a fused piperidine and pyrrolidine ring system. It has been the first glycoprotein-processing inhibitor to be selected for clinical testing as an anticancer drug. D-Swainsonine is an effective inhibitor of both lysosomal α-mannosidase and Golgi α-mannosidase II. Lysosomal α-mannosidase is involved in cellular degradation of polysaccharides, and Golgi α-mannosidase is the key enzyme in processing asparagine-linked glycoproteins. A nowadays challenge is to build up D-swainsonine deriva-tives/analogues with high selectivity to Golgi α-mannosidase II, in order to avoid metabolic issues associated with the drug. This review covers the last 18 years of literature in the synthesis of D-swainsonine and substituted D-swainsonines from common precursors. The work is organized in four main precursor structures, with the aim to assist in the choice of the synthetic methodology to introduce pertinent substituents at the Dswainsonine core.

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Toxicity Potential of Nutraceuticals

Gupta

Srivastava²,

Lall³

2018

Methods in Molecular Biology

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By the turn of the twenty-first century, the use of nutraceuticals became increasingly popular in both humans and animals due to their easy access, cost-effectiveness, and tolerability with a wide margin of safety. While some nutraceuticals are safe, others have a toxic potential. For a large number of nutraceuticals, no toxicity/safety data are available due to a lack of pharmacological/toxicological studies. The safety of some nutraceuticals can be compromised via contamination with toxic plants, metals, mycotoxins, pesticides, fertilizers, drugs of abuse, etc. Knowledge of pharmacokinetic/toxicokinetic studies appears to play a pivotal role in safety and toxicity assessment of nutraceuticals. Interaction studies are essential to determine efficacy, safety, and toxicity when nutraceuticals and therapeutic drugs are used concomitantly. This chapter describes various aspects of nutraceuticals, particularly their toxic potential, and the factors influencing their safety.

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Poisonous plants

Cited by 4 publications

References 58 publications

Quinolizidine-Type Alkaloids: Chemodiversity, Occurrence, and Bioactivity

Quinolizidine-Type Alkaloids: Chemodiversity, Occurrence, and Bioactivity

Advances in the Chemistry of (−)‐D‐Swainsonine

Toxicity Potential of Nutraceuticals

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