Management of over-the-counter insomnia complaints in Australian community pharmacies: a standardized patient study

Kashyap, Krishneeta C; Nissen, Lisa; Smith, Simon S.; Kyle, Greg

doi:10.1111/ijpp.12052

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Analogous to other national and international studies,1, 6, 23, 24, 29, 45 significant differences were confirmed between symptom‐based and medication‐based enquiries. In this respect, it would be important to make pharmacies or their staff more aware of the need to provide advice, particularly for medication‐based enquiries, for example, using training.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Therefore, it was not possible to determine whether there are significant differences in the advice provided by pharmacists and pharmaceutical technical assistants. Future studies should take this aspect into account, especially as there are contradictory study results in the international literature in this regard 7, 23, 27, 28, 29…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stiftung Warentest, a consumer organisation in Germany, also conducts test purchases at regular intervals and identifies a rather poor quality advisory service 8, 10. This is in no way a problem limited to Germany because such deficiencies in the advice provided in pharmacies are described many times in the international literature 23, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38. On the other hand, there are also a few examples internationally of in part appropriate advisory services provided by pharmacies 39, 40…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of counselling for acute diarrhoea in German pharmacies: a simulated patient study†

Langer

Bull

Burgsthaler

et al. 2017

International Journal of Pharmacy Practice

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ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the quality of counselling provided for acute diarrhoea and to evaluate the role of the patient's approach and different user groups in determining the outcome of counselling.MethodsThe simulated patient methodology was used in all 21 community pharmacies in a north‐eastern German city. Four different scenarios related to self‐medication of acute diarrhoea were developed and used in all the pharmacies (a total of 84 visits). The assessment form, completed immediately postvisit by the simulated patient, included 9 objective items scored using dichotomous scales to produce a scale from 0 to 9. After evaluating the data, every pharmacy received individual performance feedback to encourage behavioural changes and improve the quality of the counselling provided.Key findingsOverall, the quality of counselling was poor (mean score of 3.3/9 (37%)). The most common information provided was about dosage (87% of interactions), while the least common information given was about side effects (4% of interactions). The main effect was seen when comparing the product and symptom requests (F(1,60) = 24.748, P < 0.001, ωp 2 = 0.277). There was no effect resulting from different user groups (F(1,28) = 0.237, P = 0.630, ωp 2 = −0.026) and no interaction between the type of request and different user groups (F(1,28) = 3.395, P = 0.076, ωp 2 = 0.073).ConclusionsThis study highlighted the current deficits in appropriate counselling provided by community pharmacies in Germany.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of counselling for acute diarrhoea in German pharmacies: a simulated patient study†

Langer

Bull

Burgsthaler

et al. 2017

International Journal of Pharmacy Practice

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“…It is estimated that Australian pharmacies perform almost 500,000 interventions yearly when dealing with over‐the‐counter (OTC) medicines, with one in five being clinically significant interventions (potentially life‐saving/averting harm/emergency attention) (Benrimoj et al, ). Community pharmacy staff have an important role when dealing with nonprescription presentations and medicines especially from a quality assurance and risk management perspective (Byrne et al, ; Kashyap et al, ; Singleton, ; Stupans, Owen, Ryan, Woulfe, & McKauge, ). In this study, pharmacy staff were presented with two scenarios (SBR and DPR) involving a solitary persistent and nonhealing (4 weeks) lingual ulcer in a middle/older‐aged male.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simulated patients presented to pharmacies with standardised requests (Table ) and recorded details of the interaction immediately after leaving each pharmacy. This method is used to minimise the Hawthorne effect (participants changing their behaviour as a natural response from knowing they are being observed) whilst assessing pharmacy practices (Byrne, Wood, & Spark, ; Kashyap, Nissen, Smith, & Kyle, ). Ethics approval for this study was granted by the Bellberry Human Research Ethics Committee in March 2016 (Application No: 2016‐01‐029).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the management of potentially cancerous nonhealing mouth ulcers in Australian community pharmacies

Rensburg

Freeman

Ford³

et al. 2018

Health Soc Care Community

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We sought to examine the management and referral of nonhealing mouth ulcer presentations in Australian community pharmacies in the Greater Brisbane region. Trained simulated patients visited 220 randomly selected community pharmacies within the Greater Brisbane region in 2016. Simulated patients enacted two nonhealing (>1 month) mouth ulcer scenarios: A direct product request (DPR) (n = 110) and a symptom‐based request (SBR) (n = 110). Results were documented and evaluated against Australian national pharmacy practice standards. Referral rates for pharmacy staff (pharmacist, pharmacy assistant or mixed—pharmacist and assistant) were also assessed. Australian pharmacy practice standards recommend staff ask six key questions during SBR and DPR consultations to enable informed decision‐making. Two questions relating to identifying the patient and their symptoms were asked in the majority of interactions (76% and 69% respectively); the remaining four questions relating to symptom duration, treatments tried, other medications, and medical conditions were enquired in only 32%, 53%, 31%, and 27% of interactions, respectively. Simulated patients were referred to the doctor/dentist in only 11.8% of all interactions (both scenarios requiring referral). Overall, staff handling of nonhealing mouth ulcer consultations was suboptimal compared to national professional standards. In particular, duration of the nonhealing mouth ulcer was enquired in less than one‐third of consultations potentially resulting in low referral rates by staff. This study identifies the need for increased oral cancer awareness and education for community pharmacy staff and reinforcing the importance of practising according to professional standards to effectively screen for potentially cancerous nonhealing mouth lesions.

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Non-prescription treatment of NSAID induced GORD by Australian pharmacies: a national simulated patient study

MacFarlane¹,

Matthews

Bergin³

2015

Int J Clin Pharm

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When assessing patients for the symptoms of GORD, Australian pharmacists and non-pharmacist support staff take a comprehensive history including symptomatology, duration of symptoms, concomitant medicines and medical conditions and any GORD treatments previously trialled. They provide comprehensive counselling on the use of antisecretory and antacid medicines. Counselling could involve more comprehensive information on lifestyle approaches for GORD management and side effects of antisecretory and antacid medicines. Further alignment with guidelines for the management of GORD would result in greater referral to a doctor for assessment of recurrent GORD and greater recommendation of PPIs for symptoms. However alignment with guidelines by all pharmacists is unrealistic if the guidelines are not universally available to them.

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Management of over-the-counter insomnia complaints in Australian community pharmacies: a standardized patient study

Abstract: The standardized patient methodology was a successful way to assess the community pharmacy counselling provided with OTC sleep requests and suboptimal staff responses were found when compared with recommended practice standards.

Cited by 24 publications

References 27 publications

Assessment of counselling for acute diarrhoea in German pharmacies: a simulated patient study†

Assessment of counselling for acute diarrhoea in German pharmacies: a simulated patient study†

Investigating the management of potentially cancerous nonhealing mouth ulcers in Australian community pharmacies

Non-prescription treatment of NSAID induced GORD by Australian pharmacies: a national simulated patient study

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