Management of Obesity as a Chronic Disease: Nonpharmacologic, Pharmacologic, and Surgical Options

Fujioka, Ken

doi:10.1038/oby.2002.204

Cited by 105 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Therefore, prevention and treatment of obesity are important for achieving a healthy life. Obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure, and is characterized by increased fat accumulation in adipose tissue and elevated lipid concentrations in blood (Prins and O'Rahilly 1997;Devlin et al 2000;Fujioka 2002). Enlarged fat mass is associated with an increase in number and size of adipocytes differentiated from preadipocytes in adipose tissue (Choi et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Korean white ginseng extracts on obesity in high-fat diet-induced obese mice

et al. 2010

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The present study examined the antiobesity effect and mechanism of action of Korean white ginseng extracts (KGE) using high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD), HFD or HFD containing 0.8 and 1.6% (w/ w) KGE diet (HFD ? 0.8KGE and HFD ? 1.6KGE) for 8 weeks. We also examined the effects of KGE on plasma triglyceride (TG) elevation in mice administrated with oral lipid emulsion. Body weight gain and white adipose tissue (WAT) weight were significantly decreased in the HFD ? 1.6KGE group, compared with the HFD group. The plasma TG levels were also significantly reduced in both HFD ? 0.8KGE and HFD ? 1.6KGE groups, while leptin levels were significantly decreased in only the HFD ? 1.6KGE group, compared with the HFD group. The HFD ? 1.6KGE group showed significantly lower mRNA levels of lipogenesis-related genes, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorc2 (PPARc2), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), compared with the HFD group. In addition, a dose of 1000 mg/kg KGE inhibited the elevation of plasma TG levels compared with mice given the lipid emulsion alone. These results suggest that the anti-obesity effects of KGE may be elicited by regulating expression of lipogenesis-related genes in WAT and by delaying intestinal fat absorption.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Korean white ginseng extracts on obesity in high-fat diet-induced obese mice

et al. 2010

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“…Nesse sentido, as estratégias de emagrecimento mais descritas são: dietas, exercícios físicos, fármacos, cirurgias e terapias comportamentais 4 . Tratamentos convencionais, como a restrição energética e o exercício físico, têm sido os mais utilizados e recomendados para perda de peso 5 .…”

Section: The Ideal Proportion Of Macronutrients In Weight Loss Diets unclassified

Dieta rica em proteína na redução do peso corporal

2009

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A proporção ideal dos macronutrientes em dietas de emagrecimento é atualmente bastante discutida. Existem evidências de que dietas com maior proporção de proteína aumentam a perda de peso e de gordura corporal e diminuem a perda de massa corporal magra durante o emagrecimento. Todavia, os mecanismos responsáveis por estes efeitos não estão totalmente esclarecidos. Além disso, existem poucas conclusões a respeito dos possíveis efeitos colaterais dessas dietas na função renal e no estado nutricional relativo ao cálcio. Assim, este artigo objetiva trazer informações atuais sobre os efeitos de dietas ricas em proteína na perda de peso e na composição corporal e dos mecanismos envolvidos, bem como seus efeitos na função renal e no estado nutricional relativo ao cálcio. Termos de indexação:Composição corporal. Perda de peso. Proteínas na dieta. A B S T R A C T The ideal proportion of macronutrients in weight loss

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“…On the contrary, it causes mild weight loss. 7,8 Although weight loss observed with each one of these drugs has been statistically significant in some studies, the acceptable clinical weight reduction, defined as 'weight loss more than 10% in a 6-month treatment period' 9 has not yet been achieved. Thus, this makes way for one to question whether or not combination therapy with both drugs results in an added weight loss effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An open-label pilot study of the combination therapy of metformin and fluoxetine for weight reduction

et al. 2006

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Background: Obesity is a very important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoarthritis, fatty liver, metabolic syndrome and respiratory problems. Many weight-reducing drugs cannot be used in obese patients because of numerous complications. Fluoxetine, an antidepressant, and metformin, an antidiabetic drug, reduce weight as their side effect, but the potency of each drug is not always enough. Here, we studied the effects of combination therapy of them for weight reduction in obese women. Materials and methods: This study was designed as an open, prospective, controlled clinical trial. Obese and overweight patients referred to obesity clinics were first put under a diet and behavior therapy education program before being invited to this study. The patients who accepted drug therapy were put in the case group. Those who did not accept drug therapy were put in the control group. Fluoxetine, 20 mg daily, and metformin, 500 mg three times daily, were prescribed to the participants. Weight and body mass index (BMI) changes within case and control groups were analyzed by paired t-tests and between groups by t-testing. Side effects were evaluated by interview and questionnaire. Subjects: Two hundred and three patients were referred to obesity clinics. Of these, 177 were female with 91 being volunteers for this study. Of this 91, 66 were in the case group and 25 in the control group. Results: In a 6.68-month period, a 7.89 kg decrease in weight (9.32%) and a 3.43 U decrease in BMI (10.14%) were observed in participants of the case group that was statistically significant (Po0.0001). The participants of the control group were followed for a mean period of 8.12 months. In this period, the participants of the control group showed a 0.48 kg decrease in weight (0.52%) and a 0.11 U decrease in BMI (0.42%). This was not significant. No serious side effects of the drugs were observed in the case group.Conclusion: This open-label pilot study of combination therapy of metformin and fluoxetine gave encouraging weight reduction, and these results suggest the need for a randomized double-blind clinical trial comparing the two components and the combination to placebo.

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Management of Obesity as a Chronic Disease: Nonpharmacologic, Pharmacologic, and Surgical Options

Cited by 105 publications

References 55 publications

Effects of Korean white ginseng extracts on obesity in high-fat diet-induced obese mice

Effects of Korean white ginseng extracts on obesity in high-fat diet-induced obese mice

Dieta rica em proteína na redução do peso corporal

An open-label pilot study of the combination therapy of metformin and fluoxetine for weight reduction

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