Management of obesity after spinal cord injury: a systematic review

Shojaei, Mehdi; Alavinia, Seyed Mohammad; Craven, B. Catharine

doi:10.1080/10790268.2017.1370207

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Physical exercise programs and therapeutic interventions using functional electrical stimulation (FES) showed some promising results in attenuating the decrease of skeletal muscle mass after SCI [28]. Early exercise interventions using FES within 3 months after injury were also associated with muscular hypertrophy or increase of lean body mass [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spasticity and preservation of skeletal muscle mass in people with spinal cord injury

et al. 2018

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Study design Cross-sectional Objective To investigate the association between skeletal muscle mass and spasticity in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting Tertiary level hospital in Seoul, Korea Methods Spasticity was evaluated in 69 participants with SCI using the spasticity sum score (SSS), Penn Spasm Frequency Scale (PSFS), and Spinal Cord Assessment Tool for Spastic Reflexes (SCATS). Skeletal muscle mass was measured using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner, and skeletal muscle index was calculated by dividing skeletal muscle mass by height squared. Laboratory parameters including hemoglobin, albumin, creatinine, fasting glucose, and cholesterol were measured. Spearman's correlation analysis was performed to assess the association between the skeletal muscle mass and spasticity scales. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to present the independent association between them. Results The participants' mean age was 41.8 years; 54 (78.3%) were male, and 46 (66.7%) were tetraplegic. Skeletal muscle index of lower extremities was significantly correlated with all spasticity scales. Spearman's correlation coefficients were 0.468, 0.467, 0.555, 0.506, and 0.474 for SSS, PSFS, SCATS clonus, SCATS flexor, and SCATS extensor with pvalues < 0.001, respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, level of injury, body mass index, and serum creatinine, all spasticity scales were significantly associated with skeletal muscle index of lower extremities in multiple regression analysis. Standardized coefficients were 0.228, 0.274, 0.294, 0.210, and 0.227 for SSS, PSFS, SCATS clonus, SCATS flexor, and SCATS extensor. Conclusions Spasticity was significantly correlated with the skeletal muscle mass even after adjusting for possible confounders. Spasticity may need to be considered as an influencing factor in interventions such as electrical stimulation to preserve skeletal muscle mass.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spasticity and preservation of skeletal muscle mass in people with spinal cord injury

et al. 2018

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“…In another review to determine the effectiveness of exercise in improving carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders, the percentage of male-only population ranged from 51 % to 88 % depending on intervention type [25]. Similarly, the male predominance was also observed in the remaining four reviews of observational and interventional studies on exercise/physical activity role in endocrine risk modification in SCI individuals [26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Gender Reporting Gap In Spinal Cord Injury Researchmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sex and gender gap in spinal cord injury research: Focus on cardiometabolic diseases. A mini review

2021

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Cardiometabolic disease (CMD) is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in people with a spinal cord injury (SCI). Despite well-acknowledged sex and gender differences in CMD in the general population, they remain insufficiently studied in persons with SCI. To describe the landscape of sex and gender in SCI research, we searched the literature for systematic reviews on cardiometabolic health in this population. Out of 15 systematic reviews identified, only 9 provided meaningful information on sex. Although one-quarter to one-fifth of the SCI population is female, women comprised only one-eighth to a quarter of study participants. A number of clinical studies purposively excluded women, to make the study population more homogenous. For those studies which included both sexes, in general, no sex-specific analyses were performed due to small sample sizes. All these reasons have contributed to the underrepresentation of females in the current body of evidence. Therefore, future studies should adopt a more sex-and gender-sensitive research framework to address cardiometabolic risk in SCI. Novel and advanced epidemiological methods should also be used, considering small sample sizes. Finally, collaborative research (through consortia and multi-center studies) should be encouraged to include more females. More inclusive research will ensure that everyone will benefit from scientific advancements, regardless of sex and gender.

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“…Biopsies from obese human subjects have revealed differing expression of extracellular matrix proteins in the VAT, compared to those specifically expressed in SAT [ 85 ]. Since individuals with chronic SCI are susceptible to central and visceral obesity, the impact this may have on isolated cells must be considered [ 86 ]. In particular, abdominal obesity within VAT increases following SCI, which is a clinically relevant region for AD-MSC harvest.…”

Section: Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Potential of Niche-Specific Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Spinal Cord Injury Repair

Lindsay

Barnett

2021

Cells

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The use of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) for transplant-mediated repair represents an important and promising therapeutic strategy after spinal cord injury (SCI). The appeal of MSCs has been fuelled by their ease of isolation, immunosuppressive properties, and low immunogenicity, alongside the large variety of available tissue sources. However, despite reported similarities in vitro, MSCs sourced from distinct tissues may not have comparable biological properties in vivo. There is accumulating evidence that stemness, plasticity, immunogenicity, and adaptability of stem cells is largely controlled by tissue niche. The extrinsic impact of cellular niche for MSC repair potential is therefore important, not least because of its impact on ex vivo expansion for therapeutic purposes. It is likely certain niche-targeted MSCs are more suited for SCI transplant-mediated repair due to their intrinsic capabilities, such as inherent neurogenic properties. In addition, the various MSC anatomical locations means that differences in harvest and culture procedures can make cross-comparison of pre-clinical data difficult. Since a clinical grade MSC product is inextricably linked with its manufacture, it is imperative that cells can be made relatively easily using appropriate materials. We discuss these issues and highlight the importance of identifying the appropriate niche-specific MSC type for SCI repair.

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Management of obesity after spinal cord injury: a systematic review

Abstract: The greatest weight reduction and BMI correction was produced by bariatric surgery, followed by a combination of physical exercise and diet therapy. NMES and pharmacologic treatment did not reduce weight or TFM but increased in TLBM.

Cited by 32 publications

References 70 publications

Spasticity and preservation of skeletal muscle mass in people with spinal cord injury

Spasticity and preservation of skeletal muscle mass in people with spinal cord injury

Sex and gender gap in spinal cord injury research: Focus on cardiometabolic diseases. A mini review

Therapeutic Potential of Niche-Specific Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Spinal Cord Injury Repair

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