Management of chronic habits of abnormal eye rubbing

McMonnies, Charles W.

doi:10.1016/j.clae.2007.07.008

Cited by 43 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The corneal itching channel is itch‐specific and possibly processes histamine and other itch stimuli . Rubbing may transfer allergens from the lashes to the ocular surface and initiate or intensify allergic itch responses . Itch is a complex and unpleasant sensory experience that may induce a scratch reflex when skin is affected .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scratching skin instantly relieves itch but often aggravates the symptoms due to skin injury and histamine release . In the case of ocular surface itch, relief from rubbing is limited due to the minimal friction between the palpebral conjunctival and globe surfaces . The associated lack of satisfaction achieved from rubbing appears to explain the frustration reported by some patients (‘I could scratch my eyes out’) as well as their frequent, vigorous and prolonged rubbing episodes .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronic habits of abnormal rubbing may contribute to the development of blepharochalasis, floppy eyelid syndrome and associated chronic conjunctivitis . In addition, rubbing with unwashed hands may increase the risk of ocular infection or re‐infection …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eye rubbing type and prevalence including contact lens ‘removal‐relief’ rubbing

McMonnies

2016

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Rubbing-related trauma occurring before contact lens insertion may predispose the cornea to wound healing activities and greater levels of adverse response to contact lens wear. Such adverse responses could predispose the cornea to greater trauma, which occurs in response to rubbing on removal of contact lenses. Strong counselling to avoid eye rubbing is often not an adequate form of management for a significant number of patients with keratoconus. Evidence of relapses indicates the need for better methods of counselling and for them to be repeated regularly. Apart from keratoconus, any other keratectasia, corneal disease or wound healing (including post-surgical) may increase susceptibility to corneal rubbing trauma. Such cases also appear to warrant counselling on avoidance of rubbing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eye rubbing type and prevalence including contact lens ‘removal‐relief’ rubbing

McMonnies

2016

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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“…Some patients may benefit from counseling regarding these possibilities and the need to control their eye-rubbing habits. 63,64 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epithelial Responses to Rubbing-Related Mechanical Forces

McMonnies

Alharbi²,

Boneham³

2010

Cornea

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These results indicate a statistically significant mechanical trauma to the epithelium after 15 seconds of light to moderate rubbing. With reference to the rheological properties of the cytoskeleton, an attempt to explain how the epithelium could lose and recover thickness has been made. Apart from cell flattening, displacement from the rubbed area of intercellular water, cytoplasm from ruptured cells, chains of wing cells, and mucin are suggested as possible thinning mechanisms. Extraneous eye rubbing may adversely alter the results obtained with pachymetry, videokeratography, wavefront aberrometry, refraction, and results obtained with orthokeratology contact lenses.

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“…The wetting took place just before the start of each new pressure cycle and involved the release of three drops onto the clamping area above the cornea so that the tear film supplement would flow slowly over the specimen and maintain a thin film that would not interfere with the behaviour monitoring devices. The pressure rate selected was close to the rate of IOP change from standing or seated to supine position-reported to be between 0.6 and 6 mm Hg taking place in a few seconds (Kothe 1994)-or the change in IOP during normal eye rubbing (McMonnies 2007(McMonnies , 2008.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of age-related variation in corneal biomechanical properties

Elsheikh

Geraghty

Rama

et al. 2010

J. R. Soc. Interface.

167

111

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An experimental study has been conducted to determine the stress -strain behaviour of human corneal tissue and how the behaviour varies with age. Fifty-seven well-preserved ex vivo donor corneas aged between 30 and 99 years were subjected to cycles of posterior pressure up to 60 mm Hg while monitoring their behaviour. The corneas were mechanically clamped along their ring of scleral tissue and kept in physiological conditions of temperature and hydration. The tissue demonstrated hyper-elastic pressure-deformation and stress-strain behaviour that closely matched an exponential trend. Clear stiffening (increased resistance to deformation) with age was observed in all loading cycles, and the rate of stiffness growth was nonlinear with bias towards older specimens. With a strong statistical association between stiffness and age ( p , 0.05), it was possible to develop generic stress -strain equations that were suitable for all ages between 30 and 99 years. These equations, which closely matched the experimental results, depicted corneal stiffening with age in a form suitable for implementation in numerical simulations of ocular biomechanical behaviour.

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Management of chronic habits of abnormal eye rubbing

Cited by 43 publications

References 34 publications

Eye rubbing type and prevalence including contact lens ‘removal‐relief’ rubbing

Eye rubbing type and prevalence including contact lens ‘removal‐relief’ rubbing

Epithelial Responses to Rubbing-Related Mechanical Forces

Characterization of age-related variation in corneal biomechanical properties

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