Management of Bacterial Wilt [Rhalstonia solanacearum Yabuuchi et al., 1995] of Potatoes: Opportunity for Host Resistance in Kenya

Muthoni, Jane; Shimelis, Hussein; Melis, Rob

doi:10.5539/jas.v4n9p64

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Bacterial wilt is a serious soilborne disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum [1]. This disease is difficult to control because the pathogen can survive within a large temperature range (10 ∘ C to 41 ∘ C) and in diverse environments [2]. R. solanacearum can induce persistent latent infection in nursery plants even at low populations in soil or irrigation water [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Biochar Amendment on Tomato Bacterial Wilt Resistance and Soil Microbial Amount and Activity

Yang

Srinath

Huang

et al. 2016

International Journal of Agronomy

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Bacterial wilt is a serious soilborne disease of Solanaceae crops which is caused byRalstonia solanacearum. The important role of biochar in enhancing disease resistance in plants has been verified; however, the underlying mechanism remains not fully understood. In this study, two different biochars, made from peanut shell (BC1) and wheat straw (BC2), were added toRalstonia solanacearum-infected soil to explore the interrelation among biochar, tomato bacterial wilt, and soil microbial properties. The results showed that both BC1 and BC2 treatments significantly reduced the disease index of bacterial wilt by 28.6% and 65.7%, respectively. The populations ofR. solanacearumin soil were also significantly decreased by biochar application.Ralstonia solanacearuminfection significantly reduced the densities of soil bacteria and actinomycetes and increased the ratio of soil fungi/bacteria in the soil. By contrast, BC1 and BC2 addition to pathogen-infected soil significantly increased the densities of soil bacteria and actinomycetes but decreased the density of fungi and the ratios of soil fungi/bacteria and fungi/actinomycetes. Biochar treatments also increased soil neutral phosphatase and urease activity. Furthermore, higher metabolic capabilities of microorganisms by biochar application were found at 96 and 144 h in Biolog EcoPlates. These results suggest that both peanut and wheat biochar amendments were effective in inhibiting tomato bacterial wilt caused byR. solanacearum. The results suggest a relationship between the disease resistance of the plants and the changes in soil microbial population densities and activity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Biochar Amendment on Tomato Bacterial Wilt Resistance and Soil Microbial Amount and Activity

Yang

Srinath

Huang

et al. 2016

International Journal of Agronomy

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“…It is present worldwide, threatening food safety of small producers in tropical and subtropical areas, especially in China, Bangladesh, Bolivia, and Uganda (Martin and French 1985;Muthoni et al 2012). However, because the pathogen disseminates easily to long distances via infected plant material (Hayward and Pegg 2013;Janse et al 2004), there has been a recent spread of the disease to temperate regions (Genin and Boucher 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Novel, Sensitive Method to Evaluate Potato Germplasm for Bacterial Wilt Resistance Using a LuminescentRalstonia solanacearumReporter Strain

Zuluaga¹,

Ferreira²,

Pianzzola³

et al. 2014

MPMI

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Several breeding programs are under way to introduce resistance to bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in solanaceous crops. The lack of screening methods allowing easy measurement of pathogen colonization and the inability to detect latent (i.e., symptomless) infections are major limitations when evaluating resistance to this disease in plant germplasm. We describe a new method to study the interaction between R. solanacearum and potato germplasm that overcomes these restrictions. The R. solanacearum UY031 was genetically modified to constitutively generate light from a synthetic luxCDABE operon stably inserted in its chromosome. Colonization of this reporter strain on different potato accessions was followed using life imaging. Bacterial detection in planta by this nondisruptive system correlated with the development of wilting symptoms. In addition, we demonstrated that quantitative detection of the recombinant strain using a luminometer can identify latent infections on symptomless potato plants. We have developed a novel, unsophisticated, and accurate method for high-throughput evaluation of pathogen colonization in plant populations. We applied this method to compare the behavior of potato accessions with contrasting resistance to R. solanacearum. This new system will be especially useful to detect latency in symptomless parental lines before their inclusion in long-term breeding programs for disease resistance.Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the world's most devastating bacterial diseases of plants (Peeters et al. 2013). It is present worldwide, threatening food safety of small producers in tropical and subtropical areas, especially in China, Bangladesh, Bolivia, and Uganda (Martin and French 1985;Muthoni et al. 2012). However, because the pathogen disseminates easily to long distances via infected plant material (Hayward and Pegg 2013;Janse et al. 2004), there has been a recent spread of the disease to temperate regions (Genin and Boucher 2004). R. solanacearum exhibits an extremely wide host range, causing bacterial wilt on more than 200 plant species, including commercially important crops such as potato, tomato, and banana (Hayward 1991). Wilting symptoms are caused by extensive multiplication of the bacterium in the xylem vessels, which hinders water flow in the plant. In addition, the bacterium can colonize asymptomatically several weeds that act as pathogen reservoirs (Genin and Denny 2012) and survive in waterways and soil for long periods (Caruso et al. 2005;Elphinstone 2005). These facts, together with the lack of resistant commercial varieties in any of its hosts , render the control of bacterial wilt very challenging.R. solanacearum is considered a species complex, divided into four phylotypes which roughly reflect their geographic origin: phylotype I groups strains from Asia, phylotype II from the Americas, phylotype III from Africa, and phylotype IV from Indonesia (Peeters et al. 2013). Each phylotype is subdivided into different sequevars which are clus...

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“…Lebih lanjut dijelaskan oleh Ghosh et al (2009) bahwa hubungan antara kehilangan hasil dan intensitas penyakit adalah linier. Pengendalian penyakit layu bakteri yang telah dilakukan adalah dengan cara fitosanitari dan kultur teknis seperti penggunaan umbi bebas penyakit, rotasi tanaman, dan intercropping serta bahan kimia seperti fumigasi dengan methyl bromide, sodium hypochlorite dan bakterisida (Champoiseau et al, 2010;Muthoni et al, 2012).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Penggunaan varietas kentang yang tahan terhadap penyakit layu bakteri dianggap lebih murah dan praktis, karena dengan pestisida kimia sintetik tidak efektif, fitosanitari dan kultur teknis sulit diaplikasikan di lapangan dan agensia pengendali hayati belum tersedia secara komersial (Muthoni et al, 2012). Sebagai alternatif pengendalian yang berwawasan lingkungan adalah dengan menggunakan agensia hayati sebagai biopestisida.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Mekanisme Antibiosis Bacillus Subtilis B315 Untuk Pengendalian Penyakit Layu Bakteri Kentang

Prihatiningsih¹,

Arwiyanto²,

Hadisutrisno³

et al. 2015

JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA

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Antibiosis mechanism of Bacillus subtilis B315 for controlling potato bacterial wilt disease. Bacillus subtilis B315 isolated from rhizospheric potato has antibiosis mechanism against Ralstonia solanacearum in vitro and become potentially used as controlling method of bacterial wilt in the field. The objectives of this research were to study the mechanism of B. subtilis B315 in controlling bacterial wilt disease, to study of B. subtilis B315 potency as both biocontrol and plant growth promoter, and to evaluate the mechanism as biocontrol agent. This green house experiment used CRD (Completely Randomized Design) with 5 treatments and 6 replicates. The treatments were control (without B. subtilis B315), B. subtilis B315 wild type, antibiosis mutant M16, antibiosis mutant M4, and antibiosis mutant M14. Variables observed were incubation period, disease index, infection rate, effectiveness of control, and growth components (i.e number of bud, plant height, leaf area, plant fresh and dry weight). The result of this research showed that B. subtilis B315 could delay incubation period, suppressed the disease index up to 64,9% and could promote the plant growth (leaf area). B. subtilis B315 had the antibiosis and other mechanisms that induced sistemic resistance. The implication of this research was that B. subtilis B315 could be used for biocontrol the bacterial wilt and promoted the potato growth.Key words: antibiosis, Bacillus subtilis B315, bacterial wilt disease control, potato plant growth promote ABSTRAKMekanisme antibiosis Bacillus subtilis b315 untuk pengendalian penyakit layu bakteri kentang. Bacillus subtilis B315 yang diisolasi dari rizosfer kentang mempunyai mekanisme antibiosis terhadap Ralstonia solanacearum secara in vitro. Mekanisme antibiosis secara in vitro ini sebagai potensi B. subtilis B315 untuk mengendalikan penyakit layu bakteri di lahan kentang. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mempelajari mekanisme antibiosis B. subtilis B315 untuk pengendalian penyakit layu bakteri kentang, dan mempelajari potensi B. subtilis B315 sebagai pemicu pertumbuhan tanaman kentang, serta mengevaluasi mekanisme B. subtilis B315 sebagai agensia pengendali hayati. Metode yang digunakan adalah percobaan di rumah kaca dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan. Perlakuannya adalah kontrol (tanpa B. subtilis B315), B. subtilis B315 tipe alami, mutan antibiosis M16, mutan antibiosis M4, mutan antibiosis M14. Variabel yang diamati adalah masa inkubasi, indeks penyakit, laju infeksi, efektivitas pengendalian, komponen pertumbuhan tanaman (jumlah tunas, tinggi tanaman, luas daun, bobot brangkasan segar dan kering). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa B. subtilis B315 sebagai agensia pengendali hayati penyakit layu bakteri kentang dapat menunda masa inkubasi, menekan indeks penyakit layu bakteri dengan efektivitas 64,9%, menekan laju infeksi dan mampu memicu peningkatan pertumbuhan tanaman yang dilihat dari luas daun. B. subtilis B315 sebagai agensia pengendali hayati mempunyai mekanisme antibiosis dan m...

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Management of Bacterial Wilt [Rhalstonia solanacearum Yabuuchi et al., 1995] of Potatoes: Opportunity for Host Resistance in Kenya

Cited by 30 publications

References 38 publications

Effects of Biochar Amendment on Tomato Bacterial Wilt Resistance and Soil Microbial Amount and Activity

Effects of Biochar Amendment on Tomato Bacterial Wilt Resistance and Soil Microbial Amount and Activity

A Novel, Sensitive Method to Evaluate Potato Germplasm for Bacterial Wilt Resistance Using a LuminescentRalstonia solanacearumReporter Strain

Mekanisme Antibiosis Bacillus Subtilis B315 Untuk Pengendalian Penyakit Layu Bakteri Kentang

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