Management of Acute Conjunctivitis

Segal, Kira L.; Lai, Edward Chia Cheng; Starr, Chauncey

doi:10.1007/s40135-014-0046-4

Cited by 12 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Several studies reported a seasonal increase in the incidence of conjunctivitis cases, especially in spring and summer periods. This can be attributed to the known seasonal high transmission of some aetiological pathogens, or to allergic conjunctivitis which has a relatively higher incidence in spring [Saitoh-Inagawa et al, 1999;Marangon et al, 2007;Matsui et al, 2007;Sambursky et al, 2007;La Rosa et al, 2011;Segal et al, 2014;Erdin et al, 2015].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular detection and characterization through analysis of the hexon and fiber genes of Adenoviruses causing conjunctivitis in Tunisia, North Africa

Fedaoui

Ayed²,

Yahia

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Virology

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Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are common causes of conjunctivitis. This study describes the epidemiological features and characterizes by phylogenetic analysis HAdVs isolated from patients with conjunctivitis in Tunisia, North Africa. Data on out-patients presenting with conjunctivitis during 2 years (2012-2013) were analyzed. Conjunctival swabs obtained from 240 patients were assessed for the presence of HAdVs by PCR amplification on the fiber and hexon genes. Positive PCR products, together with those of nine viral isolates from previous years, were sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically. Conjunctivitis represented 11.5% of all reasons of consultations with a slight increase between mid-March and mid-June. Sixty-five percent of samples (n = 156) revealed positive by at least one PCR test. PCR amplification in the hexon gene was slightly more sensitive as compared to the fiber gene. Genotyping in the two genomic regions gave concordant results for almost all isolates. HAdV-D8 was the most predominant genotype (87.6%) and was detected continuously from 2000 to 2013. Minor co-circulating genotypes including HAdV-E4, HAdV-B3, HAdV-B55, and HAdV-D37 were identified; most of them were detected by amplification in the hexon gene. In conclusion, this work reports molecular data on adenoviral conjunctivitis from a region where such information is scarce and contributes to a better knowledge of the worldwide distribution of causative genotypes. It revealed a predominance and endemic circulation of HAdV-D8, a genotype that was mainly reported from epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. It shows that PCR amplification in two different genomic regions enhances the sensitivity of HAdV detection in clinical samples and the identification of minor genotypes. J. Med. Virol. 89:304-312, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can also have an allergic origin and it is difficult to differentiate between the different aetiologies clinically, without detection of the causative agent. [Darougar et al, 1978;Shulman et al, 1997;Madhavan, 1999;Marangon et al, 2007;Aoki et al, 2011;Tavares et al, 2011;Ghebremedhin, 2014;Segal et al, 2014].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection and characterization through analysis of the hexon and fiber genes of Adenoviruses causing conjunctivitis in Tunisia, North Africa

Fedaoui

Ayed²,

Yahia

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Adenoviruses are most often the cause of acute infectious conjunctivitis. 1,2,4,6,8,9,11 Unfortunately, due to the similarity of presenting clinical symptoms, it is usually misdiagnosed as caused by bacteria. 4,10,12 Presenting symptoms include a high fever, pharyngitis, bilateral conjunctivitis and swelling of the periauricular lymph nodes (pharyngoconjunctival fever) or in more severe cases as hyperaemia, swelling of the conjunctiva, watery discharge and swollen lymph glands (epidemic keratoconjunctivitis).…”

Section: Viral Conjunctivitis (Adenoviruses)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This condition is usually selflimiting. [1][2][3][4][6][7][8][9]11 Topical antibiotics are sometimes mistakenly prescribed for this viral infection due to incorrect diagnosis of the causative agent. This not only leads to an increased risk of toxicity and allergies, but also delays the diagnosis of other ocular diseases and increases the risk of resistance developing.…”

Section: Viral Conjunctivitis (Adenoviruses)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacotherapeutic Options for Ophthalmic Conjunctivitis

Eyk

2018

S Afr Fam Pract

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Conjunctivitis is a common eye condition involving inflammation and in some instances infection of the conjunctiva. In the majority of cases it is caused by adenoviruses and to a lesser extent bacteria. Conjunctivitis can also occur secondary to Chlamydial and Gonococcal infections and new-born infants can acquire it during the birthing process from infected mothers. Herpes simplex and Herpes zoster are the infective organisms also responsible for conjunctivitis while seasonal pollens are usually the cause for allergic conjunctivitis. Common symptoms and signs are redness, tearing, oedema of the eyelids, sensation of a foreign body and it may be accompanied by itching. Most often a purulent discharge and adherence of eyelids at awakening are indicators of a bacterial infection. Most of the uncomplicated acute cases are self-limiting. There is however a challenge in distinguishing between the various types of conjunctivitis due to the similarity in the symptoms and due to a lack of tests and prediction algorithms, thus antibiotic therapy is often incorrectly initiated. Treatment of acute uncomplicated conjunctivitis caused by adenoviruses and bacteria is mostly symptomatic. Topical eye drops and ointments are preferred to oral agents in the treatment of more severe bacterial and allergic conjunctivitis while oral agents are used in the treatment of conjunctivitis caused by Herpes simplex, Herpes zoster, Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

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Indication-prescription study for the management of conjunctivitis in a Colombian population

et al. 2022

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pharmacological variables and comorbidities were considered. A descriptive analysis was performed. Results A total of 8708 patients were identified; they had a median age of 44.7 years, and 59.3% were women. The most common causes of conjunctivitis were unspecified (53.1%) and allergic (37.4%). The most commonly used drug was olopatadine (26.1%), followed by dexamethasone with neomycin and polymyxin B (25.0%). A total of 97.0% of the patients received ophthalmic prescriptions, while 12.8% received systemic medications. Glucocorticoids (40.3%), antibiotics (37.7%) and antihistamines (31.7%) were the most commonly used groups of ophthalmic drugs. Glucocorticoids and ophthalmic antibiotics were the medications most frequently prescribed by general practitioners for the treatment of viral or bacterial conjunctivitis.

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Management of Acute Conjunctivitis

Cited by 12 publications

References 77 publications

Molecular detection and characterization through analysis of the hexon and fiber genes of Adenoviruses causing conjunctivitis in Tunisia, North Africa

Molecular detection and characterization through analysis of the hexon and fiber genes of Adenoviruses causing conjunctivitis in Tunisia, North Africa

Pharmacotherapeutic Options for Ophthalmic Conjunctivitis

Indication-prescription study for the management of conjunctivitis in a Colombian population

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