Management effects on forms of phosphorus in soil and leaching losses

Abstract

Summary We should know the effects of soil use and management on the contents and forms of soil phosphorus (P) and the resulting potential for leaching losses of P to prevent eutrophication of surface water. We determined P test values, amounts of sequentially extracted forms of P, P sorption capacities and degrees of P saturation in 20 differently treated soils and compared these data with leaching losses in lysimeters. One‐way analyses of variance indicated that most fractions of P were significantly influenced by soil texture, land use (grassland, arable or fallow or reafforestation), mineral fertilization and intensity of soil management. Generally, sandy soils under grass and given large amounts of P fertilizer contained the most labile P and showed the largest P test values. Fallow and reafforestation led to smallest labile P fractions and relative increases of P extractable by H2SO4 and residual P. Arable soils with organic and mineral P fertilization given to crop rotations had the largest amounts of total P, labile P fractions and P test values. The mean annual concentrations of P in the lysimeter leachates varied from 0 to 0.81 mg l–1 (mean 0.16 mg l–1) and the corresponding leaching losses of P from < 0.01 to 3.2 kg ha–1 year–1 (mean 0.3 kg P ha–1 year–1). These two sets of data were correlated and a significant exponential function (R2 = 0.676) described this relation. Different soil textures, land uses and management practices resulted in similar values for P leaching losses as those for the amounts of labile P fractions. Surprisingly, larger rates of mineral P fertilizer did not necessarily result in greater leaching losses. The contents of P extracted by NaHCO3 and acid oxalate and the degrees of P saturation were positively correlated with the concentrations of P in leachates and leaching losses. As the P sorption capacity and degree of P saturation predicted leaching losses of P better than did routinely determined soil P tests, they possibly can be developed as novel P tests that meet the requirements of plant nutrition and of water protection.

Impact of farm‐dairy effluent application on the amounts and forms of phosphorus loss by leaching from irrigated grassland

“…On the other hand, P loss was lower from P45/ FDE200 (T2) during the first year (1.36 kg ha -1 ) than the second year (2.54 kg ha -1 ). In other studies (Leinweber et al 1999;Turner & Haygarth 2000;Djodjic et al 2004), typical P leaching losses were similar to our P45 (T1) treatment (<1 kg ha -1 yr-1 ). The application of FDE in T2 and T3 treatments resulted in a two-to five-fold increase in P loss by leaching compared with the P45 treatment (T1).…”

The effect of land use on phosphorus dynamics in golf course soil

“…1 and 2). The results are comparable to a study by Leinweber et al (1999), in which they found that higher mean concentration of the most labile forms of P tend to occur in arable soils, and more residual (stable) P in soil under fallow or reafforestation. Cultivation and the application of P fertilizers are responsible for the decline in stable P and the higher amount of labile P in the green soil in our study.…”

Application of Bicarbonate to High-Phosphorus Soils to Increase Plant-Available Phosphorus

“…Soil texture was examined directly, showing that soils with high sand content were the most responsive to KHCO 3 treatment. The higher P solubility in sandy vs. clay soils (Leinweber et al, 1999) may explain the higher P release from sandy soils following KHCO 3 treatment in our study. For soils containing <50% sand, KHCO 3 treatment increased water-extractable P approximately threefold; the proportion increased to eightfold at 80% sand (Fig.…”