Management and Early Treatment of Status Epilepticus in Adults and Children

Altindag, Ebru; Erdoğan, Füsun; Tezer, İrsel; Özkara, Çiğdem

doi:10.4274/tnd.34635

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Ketamine-induced neurotoxicity has been described, primarily using animal models [164]. Cerebellar syndrome including cerebellar atrophy has been reported with high-dose ketamine [175].…”

Section: Seizuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Nonanesthetic Uses of Ketamine

Pribish

Wood

Kalava

2020

Anesthesiology Research and Practice

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Ketamine, a nonselective NMDA receptor antagonist, is used widely in medicine as an anesthetic agent. However, ketamine’s mechanisms of action lead to widespread physiological effects, some of which are now coming to the forefront of research for the treatment of diverse medical disorders. This paper aims at reviewing recent data on key nonanesthetic uses of ketamine in the current literature. MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Google Scholar databases were queried to find articles related to ketamine in the treatment of depression, pain syndromes including acute pain, chronic pain, and headache, neurologic applications including neuroprotection and seizures, and alcohol and substance use disorders. It can be concluded that ketamine has a potential role in the treatment of all of these conditions. However, research in this area is still in its early stages, and larger studies are required to evaluate ketamine’s efficacy for nonanesthetic purposes in the general population.

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“…Ketamine-induced neurotoxicity has been described, primarily using animal models [164]. Cerebellar syndrome including cerebellar atrophy has been reported with high-dose ketamine [175].…”

Section: Seizuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Nonanesthetic Uses of Ketamine

Pribish

Wood

Kalava

2020

Anesthesiology Research and Practice

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“…The most common metabolic causes were blood glucose disturbances (hypoglycemia, diabetic hyperglycemic syndrome), electrolyte imbalance (hypo/hypernatremia, hypo/ hypercalcemia), hyperammonemia, hypoxemia, hyperhomocysteinemia. 16 The initial therapy for status epilepticus (SE) in our hospital was intravenous diazepam. It is said that the initial period of the status epilepticus management procedure is the period before admission and the first minute of admission to the hospital.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Patient with Status Epilepticus at the Emergency Department of Sanglah General Hospital

2021

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Introduction: Status epilepticus is a neurological condition caused by a failure of body mechanism to terminate the seizures or the onset of abnormal seizure activity resulting in prolonged seizure’s duration for more than five minutes. The available research data on status epilepticus in Indonesia is still limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of patients with status epilepticus at Sanglah General Hospital from 2020 to 2021. Methods: This was a descriptive study with a retrospective approach. The study populations were patients with status epilepticus who were treated at Sanglah General Hospital in 2019-2020 who had no missing data in the medical records. Results: There were 117 patients with status epilepticus, 63 males (53.8%) and 54 females (46.2%). There are 41 patients>60 years (35%), general onset in 63 patients (53.8%), and focal onset in 54 patients (46.2%). Etiology from cerebral was 68 patients (58.1%), followed by metabolic in 28 patients (23.9%). The most common OAE therapy was phenytoin (86.3%) and the longest length of stay status epilepticus patients was 8 days (55.6%). Patients with status epilepticus had leukocytosis (73.5%), increased NLR (66.7%), and decreased mean platelet volume (53.8%). Conclusion: The highest incidence of status epilepticus is in women, above 60 years, general onset type of seizure, and etiology from cerebral. Initial therapy in 117 patients was intravenous diazepam followed by phenytoin for maintenance. NLR increased in most of the patients showing signs of inflammation which further worsened the patient's outcome with a mortality rate of 47%. Keywords: Status epilepticus, seizure duration, anticonvulsant, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio.

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“…A recent paper reviews the current international literature on management protocols for SE in the pediatric emergency room[ 75 ]. In our view, it would be desirable that fewer children with SE reach the pediatric emergency room if their caregivers were able to intervene earlier[ 4 , 64 , 76 , 77 ]. Self-management of epilepsy has in the last years been discussed, but in contrast to asthma or diabetes mellitus, it is still in its infancy[ 58 , 78 , 79 ].…”

Section: Future Pediatric Epilepsy Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Did pediatric drug development advance epilepsy treatment in young patients? It is time for new research goals

Ettienne,

Russo,

Striano

et al. 2024

World J Methodol

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Modern drugs have changed epilepsy, which affects people of all ages. However, for young people with epilepsy, the framework of drug development has stalled. In the wake of the thalidomide catastrophe, the misconception emerged that for people < 18 years of age drugs, including antiseizure medications (ASMs), need separate proof of efficacy and safety, overall called "pediatric drug development". For ASMs, this has changed to some degree. Authorities now accept that ASMs are effective in < 18 years as well, but they still require "extrapolation of efficacy," as if minors were another species. As a result, some of the pediatric clinical epilepsy research over the past decades was unnecessary. Even more importantly, this has hampered research on meaningful research goals. We do not need to confirm that ASMs work before as they do after the 18th birthday. Instead, we need to learn how to prevent brain damage in young patients by preventing seizures and optimize ASMs’ uses. Herein we discuss how to proceed in this endeavor.

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Management and Early Treatment of Status Epilepticus in Adults and Children

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

A Review of Nonanesthetic Uses of Ketamine

A Review of Nonanesthetic Uses of Ketamine

Characteristics of Patient with Status Epilepticus at the Emergency Department of Sanglah General Hospital

Did pediatric drug development advance epilepsy treatment in young patients? It is time for new research goals

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