Characteristics of Patient with Status Epilepticus at the Emergency Department of Sanglah General Hospital

Abstract

Introduction: Status epilepticus is a neurological condition caused by a failure of body mechanism to terminate the seizures or the onset of abnormal seizure activity resulting in prolonged seizure’s duration for more than five minutes. The available research data on status epilepticus in Indonesia is still limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of patients with status epilepticus at Sanglah General Hospital from 2020 to 2021. Methods: This was a descriptive study with a retrospective approach. The study populations were patients with status epilepticus who were treated at Sanglah General Hospital in 2019-2020 who had no missing data in the medical records. Results: There were 117 patients with status epilepticus, 63 males (53.8%) and 54 females (46.2%). There are 41 patients>60 years (35%), general onset in 63 patients (53.8%), and focal onset in 54 patients (46.2%). Etiology from cerebral was 68 patients (58.1%), followed by metabolic in 28 patients (23.9%). The most common OAE therapy was phenytoin (86.3%) and the longest length of stay status epilepticus patients was 8 days (55.6%). Patients with status epilepticus had leukocytosis (73.5%), increased NLR (66.7%), and decreased mean platelet volume (53.8%). Conclusion: The highest incidence of status epilepticus is in women, above 60 years, general onset type of seizure, and etiology from cerebral. Initial therapy in 117 patients was intravenous diazepam followed by phenytoin for maintenance. NLR increased in most of the patients showing signs of inflammation which further worsened the patient's outcome with a mortality rate of 47%. Keywords: Status epilepticus, seizure duration, anticonvulsant, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio.