Mammoth and Mastodon collagen sequences; survival and utility

Bone protein extraction without demineralization using principles from hydroxyapatite chromatography

“…The study of bone proteins and their modifications has emerged as a promising method to better understand and identify bone diseases (e.g., osteoporosis) [1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6] as well as provide molecular information for extinct taxa [7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23]. However, because bone is mineralized, analyzing the protein content in bone is more challenging than other non-mineralized tissue.…”

A mass spectrometry method for the determination of the species of origin of gelatine in foods and pharmaceutical products

“…Analysis of the collagen, including collagen genomic sequencing data from 32 different mammal species, identified peptide markers that could be used for species identification in processed food (Buckley et al, 2009). A wide range of collagens and gelatines made from the connective tissues of a wide range of extant and extinct species have been analysed in the present and previous work (Buckley et al, 2011;Buckley, Anderung, et al, 2008;Buckley, Collins, et al, 2008;Buckley, Walker, et al, 2008;Tran et al, 2011). Furthermore, same-species test materials sourced from an international geographical range have been studied in order to create a database with robust tryptic peptide markers of species origin.…”

“…Collagen is a robust protein which survives high levels of processing, albeit in an altered state, and collagen peptides can be used for species identification (Buckley, Anderung, et al, 2008;Buckley, Collins, & Thomas-Oates, 2008;Buckley, Collins, Thomas-Oates, & Wilson, 2009;Buckley, Larkin, & Collins, 2011;Collins et al, 2010;Griffin, Moody, Penkman, & Collins, 2008). Proline constitutes around 18% of the amino acid composition of collagen and is often subject to hydroxylation during collagen synthesis.…”

Combining histology, stable isotope analysis and ZooMS collagen fingerprinting to investigate the taphonomic history and dietary behaviour of extinct giant tortoises from the Mare aux Songes deposit on Mauritius

“…All peaks (representative of collagen tryptic peptides) observed in the 10-50% ACN fractions were also observed in the 0-10% ACN fractions, indicating that the fractionation developed as a method to separate some mammals, such as sheep from goats (Buckley et al, 2010) or mammoths from mastodons (Buckley et al, 2011), may not be necessary for the analysis of non-mammalian remains. As expected, most of the 'giant tortoise' collagen fingerprints yielded very similar peak m/z values (Fig.…”