Mammary remodeling in primiparous and multiparous dairy goats during lactation

Safayi, Sina; Theil, Peter Kappel; Elbrønd, Vibeke Sødring; Hou, Lei; Engbæk, M.; Nørgaard, J.V.; Sejrsen, K.; Nielsen, Mette Olaf

doi:10.3168/jds.2009-2422

Cited by 18 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Considering the period between early (day 10) and mid to late lactation (days 60–180), Safayi et al (2010) identified a reduction of alveoli proportion for both glands. In the case of lumen percentage, it stabilised (26–27%) and started to decrease in multiparous glands to its lowest level (20%) in late lactation.…”

Section: Mammary Gland Morphology During Lactation: Macroscopic and Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mammary gland in small ruminants: major morphological and functional events underlying milk production – a review

Lérias

Hernández-Castellano

Suárez-Trujillo

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Research

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The importance of small ruminants to the dairy industry has increased in recent years, especially in developing countries, where it has a high economic and social impact. Interestingly and despite the fact that the mammary gland is the specialised milk production organ, very few authors studied the modifications occurring in the mammary gland through the lactation period in production animals, particularly in the small ruminants, sheep (Ovis aries) and goat (Capra hircus). Nevertheless, understanding the different mammary gland patterns throughout lactation is essential to improve dairy production. In addition, associating these patterns with different milking frequencies, lactation number or different diets is also of high importance, directly affecting the dairy industry. The mammary gland is commonly composed of parenchyma and stroma, which includes the ductal system, with individual proportions of each changing during the different periods and yields in a lactation cycle. Indeed, during late gestation, as well as during early to mid-lactation, mammary gland expansion occurs, with an increase in the number of epithelial cells and lumen area, which leads to increment of the parenchyma tissue, as well as a reduction of stroma, corresponding macroscopically to the increase in mammary gland volume. Throughout late lactation, the mammary gland volume decreases owing to the regression of the secretory structure. In general, common mammary gland patterns have been shown for both goats and sheep throughout the several lactation stages, although the number of studies is limited. The main objective of this manuscript is to review the colostrogenesis and lactogenesis processes as well as to highlight the mammary gland morphological patterns underlying milk production during the lactation cycle for small ruminants, and to describe potential differences between goats and sheep, hence contributing to a better description of mammary gland development during lactation for these two poorly studied species.

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Section: Mammary Gland Morphology During Lactation: Macroscopic and Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mammary gland in small ruminants: major morphological and functional events underlying milk production – a review

Lérias

Hernández-Castellano

Suárez-Trujillo

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Research

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“…The ability of the mammary gland to produce milk depends on number of epithelial cells which is influenced by their rate of proliferation and apoptosis (Knight, 2000; Capuco et al, 2003) and the secretory activity of the myoepithelial cells which is affected by their differentiation (Akers et al, 2006). The angiogenesis or vascular system development (Djonov et al, 2001) required for nutrient supply and removal of metabolic waste products has received no attention in normal mammary development of females (Akers, 2002) but was recently highlighted for goats (Safayi et al, 2010). Also, the metabolic status in the first lactating mammary gland is different because the nutrients are diverted between lactation and continued growth (Wathes et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition-induced Changes of Growth from Birth to First Calving and Its Impact on Mammary Development and First-lactation Milk Yield in Dairy Heifers: A Review

Lohakare¹,

Südekum

Pattanaik

2012

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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This review focuses on the nutritional effects from birth until age at first calving on growth, mammary developmental changes, and first-lactation milk yield in heifer calves. The advancement in the genetic potential and the nutritional requirements of the animals has hastened the growth rate. Genetic selection for high milk yield has suggested higher growth capacity and hence increasing nutritional inputs are required. Rapid rearing by feeding high energy or high concentrate diets not only reduces the age of sexual maturity but also lowers the time period of attaining the age of first calving. However, high energy diets may cause undesirable fat deposition thereby affecting future milk yield potential. Discrepancies exist whether overfed or overweight heifers at puberty can influence the mammary development and future milk yield potential and performance. The data on post-pubertal nutritional management suggested that body weight at calving and post-pubertal growth rate is important in first lactation milk yield. There is a continuous research need for strategic feeding that accelerates growth of dairy heifers without reduction in subsequent production. Nutritional management from birth, across puberty and during pregnancy is critical for mammary growth and for producing a successful cow. This review will mostly highlight studies carried out on dairy breeds and possible available opportunities to manipulate nutritional status from birth until age at first calving.

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“…Ramı´rez et al (1995a) observed a lower level of isolation in multiparous goats (8% of the goats were isolated in the last half hour before the birth, or not isolated), which may indicate greater calmness in multiparous goats, because the definition of isolation was similar to that of our study.The udder size of all goats (100%) in our study increased more than 5 cm at least 1 h before birth, which is in contrast to the study by Ramı´rez et al (1995a), who found that only 45% of all goats had increased udder size during the same hour. This may be due to differences in the physiology of primiparpus vs. muliparous mothers [development of the udder and maintenance of mammary gland function (Safayi et al 2010)]. This difference may also be explained by the fact that the mammary glands of multiparous goats may be more developed than those of the primiparous goats Time devoted to maternal care during the first hour after birth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of litter size and sex in the birth weight of newborn kids and in the behaviour of primiparous goats before, during and after the parturition

OtalJ.

MartínezM.²,

QuilesA.³

et al. 2010

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Otal, J., Martı´nez, M., Quiles, A., Hevia, M. L. and Ramı´rez, A. 2010. Effect of litter size and sex on the birth weight of newborn kids and in the behaviour of primiparous goats before, during and after the parturition. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 90: 483Á490. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of litter size (46 single birth and 32 double birth) and sex (44 male and 66 female) of newborn kids on the puerperal behaviour of primiparous MurcianoÁGranadina goats (N 078). The highest frequencies were grunting, with 124.99166.5, and butting conspecific, with 7.098.7. Frequencies of the remaining variables considered (standing, kicking, moving head and neck, licking their back and pawing the earth) were lower than 3.0. The majority of variables were significantly greater for single births than for twin births (PB0.01). Goats that gave birth to twins spent more time lying down, and less time walking than those that gave birth to one kid (10.196.7 min vs. 6.897.0 min, PB 0.05 and 2.991.1 min vs. 6.095.5 min, P B0.01, respectively). Parturition was longer and birth weight heavier for singleton than twin-born kids (64.5915.7 min vs. 41.9910.7 min and 2.990.2 kg vs. 2.390.1 kg, respectively). In conclusion, primiparous goats showed objective signs of discomfort that were more evident for singleton than twin birth kids.Key words: Behaviour, goat, Murciano-Granadina breed, parturition Otal, J., Martı´nez, M., Quiles, A., Hevia, M. L. et Ramı´rez, A. 2010. Effet de la taille de la litie`re et le sexe sur le poids des chevreaux et dans le comportement chez les che`vres primipares avant, pendent et apre`s la mise bas. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 90: 483Á490. L'objectif de cette e´tude e´tait de de´terminer l'effet de la taille de la litie`re (46 de naissance unique et 32 de naissance double) et le sexe (44 maˆles et 66 femelles) des chevreaux nouveau-ne´s sur le comportement puerpe´ral de che`vres Murciano-Granadina primipares (N 078). Les variables qui pre´sentaient les plus hautes fre´quences ont e´te´grognements, avec 124.99166.5, et coup de teˆte a`conge´ne`res, 7.098.7. Les fre´quences des autres variables conside´re´es (debout, ruer, de´placement de la teˆte et le cou, le´cher leur dos et gratter la terre) ont e´te´infe´rieures a`3.0. La majorite´des variables e´taient significativement plus e´leve´s pour les naissances uniques que pour les naissances doubles (P B0,01). Les che`vres de mise bas double passe´plus de temps couche´, et moins de temps en marchant que celles de mise bas simple (10.196.7 min vs. 6.897.0 min, P B0.05 et 2.991.1 min vs. 6.095.5 min PB0.01, respectivement). Le poids corporel et la dure´e de la mise bas e´taient plus e´leve´s dans la mise bas unique que dans les premier jumele´(64.5915.7 min vs. 41.9910.7 min land 2.990.2 kg vs. 2.390.1 kg, respectivement). In conclusion, les che`vres primipares a montre´des signes objectifs d'agitation qui ont e´te´plus e´vident pour la mise basse simple que pour les doubles.

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Mammary remodeling in primiparous and multiparous dairy goats during lactation

Cited by 18 publications

References 37 publications

The mammary gland in small ruminants: major morphological and functional events underlying milk production – a review

The mammary gland in small ruminants: major morphological and functional events underlying milk production – a review

Nutrition-induced Changes of Growth from Birth to First Calving and Its Impact on Mammary Development and First-lactation Milk Yield in Dairy Heifers: A Review

Effect of litter size and sex in the birth weight of newborn kids and in the behaviour of primiparous goats before, during and after the parturition

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