Mammary Dirofilariasis

Mrad, Karima; Romani-Ramah, Soumaya; Driss, Maha; Bougrine, F.; Hechiche, M; Maâlej, M.; Romdhane, Khaled Ben

doi:10.1177/106689699900700308

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Sporadic cases of human infection with D. repens have been reported from Nigeria (O'Grady et al, 1962), Senegal (Harant and Brès, 1946), Kenya (Orihel et al, 1997), Tunisia (Chaabouni et al, 1990;Kassar et al, 1990;Ben Said et al, 1995;Mrad et al, 1999) and South Africa (De Meillon and Gillespie, 1962). In the Alexandria area of northern Egypt, Awadalla et al (1998) found a case that they considered 'a possible D. repens', and Antonios and Bayoumy (2002) reported another case, although, confusingly, they described the causative parasite both as the dog heartworm (which is the common name for D. immitis) and, a few lines later, as D. repens.…”

Section: Human Infections With Dirofilaria Repens In Egyptmentioning

confidence: 93%

Three new cases of human infection withDirofilaria repens, one pulmonary and two subcutaneous, in the Egyptian governorate of Assiut

Abdel-Rahman

Mahmoud

Galal

et al. 2008

Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology

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Human dirofilariasis caused by Dirofilaria repens is a parasitic infection, currently considered to be an emerging zoonosis, that has been observed in many areas of the Old World. Dogs are the main 'reservoir' host. In humans, D. repens can cause inflammatory nodules, most commonly in the subcutaneous tissues or in the subconjunctival space. Lung involvement, which is the most common of the non-cutaneous and non-ocular manifestations, is frequently mis-diagnosed as a primary or metastatic lung tumour. Two new subcutaneous cases and one new pulmonary case, all observed in the Egyptian governorate of Assiut, are described here. This represents the first report of human pulmonary dirofilariasis caused by D. repens on the African continent. All the worms collected from the cases, including a living worm from the left lung of the pulmonary case, were identified morphologically, and the identity of the lung parasite was confirmed by PCR.

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Section: Human Infections With Dirofilaria Repens In Egyptmentioning

confidence: 93%

Three new cases of human infection withDirofilaria repens, one pulmonary and two subcutaneous, in the Egyptian governorate of Assiut

Abdel-Rahman

Mahmoud

Galal

et al. 2008

Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology

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“…In most of the cases a single worm develops, probably because the stimulation of the immune system prevents the development of others [1, 8]. In rare cases the worm may develop to a mature adult [1, 207, 208] and even fertilized worms releasing microfilariae have been described, especially in immunosuppressed patients [1, 8, 42, 146, 209–212], which in very rare cases may even reach the bloodstream [213].…”

Section: Human Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances on Dirofilaria repens in dogs and humans in Europe

et al. 2018

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Dirofilaria repens is a nematode affecting domestic and wild canids, transmitted by several species of mosquitoes. It usually causes a non-pathogenic subcutaneous infection in dogs and is the principal agent of human dirofilariosis in the Old World. In the last decades, D. repens has increased in prevalence in areas where it has already been reported and its distribution range has expanded into new areas of Europe, representing a paradigmatic example of an emergent pathogen. Despite its emergence and zoonotic impact, D. repens has received less attention by scientists compared to Dirofilaria immitis. In this review we report the recent advances of D. repens infection in dogs and humans, and transmission by vectors, and discuss possible factors that influence the spread and increase of this zoonotic parasite in Europe. There is evidence that D. repens has spread faster than D. immitis from the endemic areas of southern Europe to northern Europe. Climate change affecting mosquito vectors and the facilitation of pet travel seem to have contributed to this expansion; however, in the authors’ opinion, the major factor is likely the rate of undiagnosed dogs continuing to perpetuate the life-cycle of D. repens. Many infected dogs remain undetected due to the subclinical nature of the disease, the lack of rapid and reliable diagnostic tools and the poor knowledge and still low awareness of D. repens in non-endemic areas. Improved diagnostic tools are warranted to bring D. repens diagnosis to the state of D. immitis diagnosis, as well as improved screening of imported dogs and promotion of preventative measures among veterinarians and dog owners. For vector-borne diseases involving pets, veterinarians play a significant role in prevention and should be more aware of their responsibility in reducing the impact of the zoonotic agents. In addition, they should enhance multisectorial collaboration with medical entomologists and the public health experts, under the concept and the actions of One Health-One Medicine.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3205-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…In this case, the maximum body width measured approximately 500 μm. Although an extensive review of human infections by D. repens found that female worms were more prevalent than males (Pampiglione and Rivasi 2000), a male and a female worm have been observed in the same nodule (Mrad et al 1999), and also in separate nodules (Fernando et al 2000). In the majority of cases, nodules are located in subcutaneous and subconjunctival tissues, deep dermis and submucosa.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

A human case of subcutaneous dirofilariasis caused by Dirofilaria repens in Vietnam: histologic and molecular confirmation

et al. 2010

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Human dirofilariasis caused by infection with Dirofilaria worms has been frequently reported. The symptoms associated with infection by these filarial parasites, which are transmitted to humans by zooanthropophilic mosquitoes, are characterized by mainly pulmonary and subcutaneous nodules. Here, we report the first case in Vietnam of a subcutaneous dirofilariasis with a painful nodule in the right eyelid. An immature female worm was removed by excisional biopsy and identified as Dirofilaria repens by histology and DNA analysis.

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Mammary Dirofilariasis

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Three new cases of human infection withDirofilaria repens, one pulmonary and two subcutaneous, in the Egyptian governorate of Assiut

Three new cases of human infection withDirofilaria repens, one pulmonary and two subcutaneous, in the Egyptian governorate of Assiut

Recent advances on Dirofilaria repens in dogs and humans in Europe

A human case of subcutaneous dirofilariasis caused by Dirofilaria repens in Vietnam: histologic and molecular confirmation

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