A human case of subcutaneous dirofilariasis caused by Dirofilaria repens in Vietnam: histologic and molecular confirmation

Dang, Thi Cam Thach; Nguyen, Thu Huong; Dung, Trung; Uga, Shoji; Morishima, Yasuyuki; Sugiyama, Hiromu; Yamasaki, Hiroshi

doi:10.1007/s00436-010-1961-4

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The occurrence of multiple nodules also suggests that the dog is a suitable host, in contrast to humans (aberrant host), in whom single subcutaneous masses are detected. 34,35 In addition, the simultaneous presence of adult worms and immature stages confirms that live adults were present, unlike the situation in humans, in whom adult worms are usually not sexually mature. [34][35][36] Whether the nodules caused by D. repens are caused by direct mechanical action by the nematodes or due to chronic inflammation remains to be explored.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…34,35 In addition, the simultaneous presence of adult worms and immature stages confirms that live adults were present, unlike the situation in humans, in whom adult worms are usually not sexually mature. [34][35][36] Whether the nodules caused by D. repens are caused by direct mechanical action by the nematodes or due to chronic inflammation remains to be explored. 34 Histological studies on human hosts affected by subcutaneous dirofilariosis demonstrated that living onchocercids may elicit the production of growth factor b, a cytokine playing a critical role in the homeostasis of an organism, which induces a mixed response linked to immunosuppression and neo-angiogenesis, thus contributing to the survival of the parasite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Nodular lesions due to infestation by Dirofilaria repens in dogs from Italy

Albanese¹,

Abramo

Braglia

et al. 2013

Veterinary Dermatology

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Background Canine subcutaneous dirofilariosis caused by Dirofilaria repens is an important cause of human dirofilariosis in the Old World. Objectives To describe the clinical and pathological features of infestation by D. repens in dogs with cutaneous nodules and to discuss key diagnostic procedures. Animals Sixteen privately owned dogs of different breeds, ages and genders with subcutaneous nodules were positive for D. repens on at least one diagnostic test. Methods Diagnostic tests included cytological examination of fine‐needle aspiration biopsies, detection of circulating larvae by Knott's test, morphological and molecular identification of adult parasites and microfilariae, and histopathological examination of excised nodules. Results Twelve animals were positive for D. repens microfilariae, using cytology and at least one other diagnostic test. Four of twelve dogs screened by Knott's test had circulating D. repens microfilariae, and three of them were co‐infected with Dirofilaria immitis. In eight dogs, adult nematodes were morphologically identified as D. repens. Nodular panniculitis was observed in all cases, with nodules containing either one or several cross‐sections of nematodes and microfilariae. The nematodes extracted were identified as D. repens by an RT‐PCR on the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS‐2). Conclusions and clinical importance Adults and larvae of D. repens can induce skin nodules in dogs, and these lesions should be carefully evaluated in endemic areas. Clinicians should be aware that correct tissue sampling (including the storage of part of a sample in ethanol instead of formalin) is pivotal to achievement of a specific diagnosis. Cytology of fine‐needle tissue aspirates was shown to be useful.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Nodular lesions due to infestation by Dirofilaria repens in dogs from Italy

Albanese¹,

Abramo

Braglia

et al. 2013

Veterinary Dermatology

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“…We chose the cox1 gene for genetic characterization of the Dirofilaria isolates in our study because this gene can reliably differentiate between different species of filariae, and it has also been used for the identification of Dirofilaria in previous studies (7,9,12,20,22,30). The reported mean nucleotide distance of the cox1 gene within species ranges from 0% to 2% (9), and there is less than 1% difference between available D. repens sequences in the GenBank.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Dirofilaria Species Causing Human and Canine Infections in Hong Kong

Wong

Poon

et al. 2012

J Clin Microbiol

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Dirofilariasis is globally the commonest manifestation of zoonotic filariasis. We report the detection of a novel canine species causing human and canine dirofilariasis in Hong Kong. Three human cases occurring over 10 months were identified, one presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy, one with an abdominal subcutaneous mass, and one with a subconjunctival nodule. Transected worms recovered from the resected abdominal subcutaneous mass were morphologically compatible with Dirofilaria. The cox1 gene sequences of the three human isolates were identical; however, they were only 96.2% and 89.

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“…In Vietnam, the filarial worm of this species was first reported from a human conjunctiva in 2008 [12], and another was reported from the human subcutaneous tissue in 2010 [13]. This is the 3rd report of human D. repens infection in Vietnam which involved the conjunctiva or subcutaneous tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dirofilaria repens in Vietnam: Detection of 10 Eye and Subcutaneous Tissue Infection Cases Identified by Morphology and Molecular Methods

Chai

2012

Korean J Parasitol

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From 2006 to 2010, hospitals in Hanoi treated 10 human patients for dirofilariasis. The worms were collected from parasitic places, and identification of the species was completed by morphology and molecular methods. Ten parasites were recovered either from the conjunctiva (n=9) or subcutaneous tissue (n=1). The parasites were 4.0-12.5 cm in length and 0.5-0.6 mm in width. Morphological observations suggested all parasites as Dirofilaria repens. Three of the 10 parasites (1 from subcutaneous tissue and 2 from eyes) were used for molecular confirmation of the species identification. A portion of the mitochondrial cox1 (461 bp) was amplified and sequenced. Nucleotide and amino acid homologies were 95% and 99-100%, respectively, when compared with D. repens (Italian origin, GenBank AJ271614; DQ358814). This is the first report of eye dirofilariasis and the second report of subcutaneous tissue dirofilariasis due to D. repens in Vietnam.

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A human case of subcutaneous dirofilariasis caused by Dirofilaria repens in Vietnam: histologic and molecular confirmation

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Nodular lesions due to infestation by Dirofilaria repens in dogs from Italy

Nodular lesions due to infestation by Dirofilaria repens in dogs from Italy

A Novel Dirofilaria Species Causing Human and Canine Infections in Hong Kong

Dirofilaria repens in Vietnam: Detection of 10 Eye and Subcutaneous Tissue Infection Cases Identified by Morphology and Molecular Methods

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