Mammalian defensins in the antimicrobial immune response

Selsted, Michael E.; Ouellette, André J.

doi:10.1038/ni1206

Cited by 1,055 publications

(984 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Defensins are well-known cysteine-rich peptides and are classified into three types: α-(human neutrophil peptide, HNP), β-(hBD), and θ -defensins [39][40][41][42][43]. α-and β-defensins are found in humans, while θ -defensin is not, although a human orthologue of this defensin has been described [44].…”

Section: Defensinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…α-and β-defensins differ in their location, the length of amino acid residues, and the pairing of disulphide bonds. Recently, these peptides were found to have not only anti-microbial activity, but also chemokine-like activity [43,45]. The characteristics of both defensins are summarized below.…”

Section: Defensinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bacteria or bacterial component, ie lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan, causes this induction. α-defensins are constitutively expressed, accumulating in granules [43,63,64,72]. Therefore, the α-defensins are not regulated at the transcriptional level but at the post-translational level when induction occurs to mobilize them within cells.…”

Section: Regulation Of Anti-microbial Peptide Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Innate defences against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection

Komatsuzawa

Ouhara

Yamada

et al. 2005

The Journal of Pathology

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The innate immune system is the primary defence against bacterial infection. Among the factors involved in innate defence, anti-microbial peptides produced by humans have recently attracted attention due to their relevance to some diseases and also to the development of new chemotherapeutic agents. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major human pathogens, causing a variety of infections from suppurative disease to food poisoning. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a clinical problem and with the recent emergence of a vancomycin-resistant strain, this will pose serious problems in the near future. In investigating the molecular biology of S. aureus infections to develop new chemotherapeutic agents against MRSA infections, knowledge of the interaction of innate anti-microbial peptides with S. aureus is important. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that exposure of S. aureus to host cells can induce the anti-microbial peptides β-defensin-2 (hBD2), hBD3, and LL37/CAP18. The induction level of these peptides differs among strains, as does the susceptibility of the strains, with MRSA strains exhibiting lower susceptibility. In summary, the susceptibility of S. aureus strains, including MRSA strains, to components of the innate immune system varies, with the MRSA strains showing more resistance to both innate immune factors and chemotherapeutic agents.

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Section: Defensinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Defensinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regulation Of Anti-microbial Peptide Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Innate defences against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection

Komatsuzawa

Ouhara

Yamada

et al. 2005

The Journal of Pathology

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“…Defensins and cathelicidins are the two major classes of mammalian antimicrobial peptides [2]. Previous studies have shown that defensins are microbicidal against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeast, fungi, spirochetes, protozoa, and enveloped viruses [3,4]. Moreover, some defensins are known to act as chemokines that activate the adaptive immune response [2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, some defensins are known to act as chemokines that activate the adaptive immune response [2][3][4][5]. The mammalian defensins are characterized by six cysteine residues forming three intramolecular disulfide bridges, and are divided into two subfamilies, α-and β-defensins, based on the amino acid sequence similarities and the linkages of the disulfide bonds [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient production of a correctly folded mouse α-defensin, cryptdin-4, by refolding during inclusion body solubilization

Tomisawa

Sato

Kamiya

et al. 2015

Protein Expression and Purification

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Mammalian α-defensins contribute to innate immunity by exerting antimicrobial activity against various pathogens. To perform structural and functional analysis of α-defensins, large amounts of α-defensins are essential. Although many expression systems for the production of recombinant α-defensins have been developed, attempts to obtain large amounts of α-defensins have been only moderately successful. Therefore, in this study, we applied a previously developed aggregation-prone protein coexpression method for the production of mouse α-defensin cryptdin-4 (Crp4) in order to enhance the formation of inclusion bodies in E. coli expression system. By using this method, we succeeded in obtaining a large amount of Crp4 in the form of inclusion bodies.Moreover, we attempted to refold Crp4 directly during the inclusion-body solubilization step under oxidative conditions. Surprisingly, even without any purification, Crp4 was efficiently refolded during the solubilization step of inclusion bodies, and the yield was better than that of the conventional refolding method. NMR spectra of purified Crp4 suggested that it was folded into its correct tertiary structure. Therefore, the method described in this study not only enhances the expression of α-defensin as inclusion bodies, but also eliminates the cumbersome and time-consuming refolding step.3

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Epithelial Cells: Immunological Aspects

Pastore¹,

Albanesi²,

Girolomoni³

2007

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Epithelial cells display their nature of integral, resident components of the innate immune system, and provide a valid defensive line against environmental threats through the expression of a plethora of active mediators, including antimicrobial peptides, cytokines, chemokines and cell membrane molecules. By contrast, epithelial cells can play a relevant role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disorders (e.g. atopic dermatitis and psoriasis), where the amplification of the inflammatory reactions critically depends on the crosstalk between infiltrating leucocytes and epithelial cells.

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Mammalian defensins in the antimicrobial immune response

Cited by 1,055 publications

References 102 publications

Innate defences against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection

Innate defences against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection

Efficient production of a correctly folded mouse α-defensin, cryptdin-4, by refolding during inclusion body solubilization

Epithelial Cells: Immunological Aspects

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