Malocclusion and Orthodontic Treatment Need of Mentally Handicapped Children in Lagos, Nigeria

Abstract

RESUMOObjetivo: Determinar a prevalência de maloclusão e necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico em crianças e adolescentes nigerianos com necessidades especiais através do Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI); e avaliar se a maloclusão sofre influência da idade e do sexo da criança. Método: A amostra foi composta por 102 crianças e adolescentes com idades entre 6 a 18 anos atendidos em 5 escolas/centros para pessoas com necessidades especiais. Um questionário pré-estruturadp foi utilizado para coletar dados sócio-demográficos. Os pacientes foram examinados no ambiente escolar, sob luz natural, sendo utilizado o Índice DAI. O teste t-student foi usado para a comparação da média dos escores DAI entre os grupos. Fez-se uso ainda da correção de Bonferroni. Resultados: Não se verificou diferenças significativas nos escores dos DAI entre o sexo e a idade(p>0,05). Maloclusão severa com tratamento altamente desejável foi observada em 18,0% da amostra. Maloclusão muito severa foi encontrada em 19%, sendo o tratamento fundamental. A perda de uma ou mais dentes estava presente em 8,8%, enquanto o apinhamento incisal foi visto em 28,4% e o espaçamento em 58,8%. Alterações no segmento anterior da maxila e da mandíbula foram encontradas em 38,2% e 47,1%, respectivamente. A mordida aberta foi diagnosticada em 25,5% da amostra. Relação molar de classe I foi observada em 68,6%. Conclusão: Uma grande proporção da população apresenta maloclusão severa, onde o tratamento é considerado fundamental. A amostra apresentou altas frequências de todas os tipos de maloclusão quando comparadas às crianças nigerianas normais, com exceção do apinhamento. DESCRIPTORS DESCRITORESEpidemiologia; Maloclusão; Portadores de Necessidades Especiais;Objective: To determine the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in mentally handicapped children in Lagos, Nigeria using the DAI; and to assess whether the observed malocclusion is affected by age and sex. Method: The study population consisted of 102 non-Down syndrome mentally handicapped children between 6-18years of age from 5 special schools/centres for people with special needs in Lagos. A pre-structured questionnaire was used to record the findings and socio-demographic information. The handicapped children were examined in their respective schools under natural light, using the Dental aesthetic Index (DAI) assessments. The independent student's t-test was used for the comparison of mean DAI score between any two groups. The Bonferroni correction was applied to minimize the likelihood of type one error while undertaking multiple t-tests. Results: There were no statistically significant differences (p< 0.05) in the mean DAI scores between gender and among the age groups. Severe malocclusion with treatment 'highly desirable' was found in 18%. Handicapping malocclusion where treatment was 'mandatory' was observed in 19%. One or more missing teeth were observed in 8.8%, while incisal crowding was seen in 28.4% and spacing in 58.8%. Irregularities in the maxillary and mandibular anter...

Prevalence of Dental Malocclusion Among Children with Physical, Sensory and Neuropsychological Disabilities in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

“…Nevertheless, the observed difference in the prevalence is not so marked. Considering the space anomalies, the prevalence of crowding in incisal segment (58.8%) reported by the current study is similar to that which was reported in Nigeria [52] in an identical group of disabilities. However, there was a considerable difference in the prevalence of spacing in incisal segment between the current and the one which was reported in Nigeria [25], this might be attributed to the difference in indices used in scoring malocclusion.…”

“…The study observed Class I molar relationship of about 75% among children with neuropsychological disabilities, this is in contrast to that reported by Utomi et al, [52] who found slightly lower prevalence of Class I molar relationship (68.6%) in similar group of disabilities. Nevertheless, the observed difference in the prevalence is not so marked.…”

“…This prevalence is lower than 87.4% which was reported in Nigeria by Utomi and Onyeaso [34] among children of the same disabilities. Likewise, lower prevalence of incisal crowding (23.3%) was observed in the current study against 27.3% reported in Nigeria [34]. Some minor variations in scoring malocclusions among these children might have caused the differences in prevalence between the two studies.…”

Prevalence of Malocclusions and Normative Orthodontic Treatment Need Using IOTN Index for Patients in Yalgado Ou&#233;draogo Teaching Hospital

“…In literature, authors like Utomi et al [1] found the need for orthodontic care in 68% of patients in a university hospital center in Nigeria.…”

“…Treatment decision must be based on objective criteria [1] [2]. Thus, accurately assessing the care needed is an approach that must be duplicable, irrespective of the practitioner together with a universal language accessible to all stakeholders (practitioner, patients, insurance, health mutual).…”