Malnutrition status, and its Associated Factors among Adult HIV Positive Attending ART at Public Hospitals of Bench Sheko Zone, South West, Ethiopia, 2020

Abstract

Background: Almost 1.9 billion adults worldwide are overweight or obese, while 462 million are underweight. These are primarily found in countries with low and middle-incomes, like Ethiopia. Under nutrition is the frequent health problem among peoples living with HIV/AIDS, however no large-scale research, including a number of health facilities has been conducted in Ethiopia. So this study aimed to assess the nutritional status and under nutrition related factors among HIV/AIDS patients attending ART follow-up in public hospitals of Bench Sheko zones, south west, Ethiopia.Methods: In November/2020, a cross-sectional facility study design was carried out in all public hospitals in the Bench Sheko zone. To pick the study participants, a systematic sampling technique was used. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews and entered into Epi-data 3.1, then exported to SPSS version 24 for statistical analysis. In order to identify the candidate and independent determinants of under-nutrition, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out respectively. Independent determinants of under-nutrition were measured using adjusted odds ratio with their corresponding 95% confidence level at P-value of < 0.05 cut of point.Results: A total of four hundred two adult HIV-positive patients who were attending in ART clinics were participated with 98% response rate. The proportion of under nutrition (BMI<18.5 kg/m2), normal nutrition (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) and overweight or obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) patients were 29.2% [95% CI: (24.6-33.5)], 61.2% [95% CI: (56.5-66.3)], and 9.6% [95% CI: (6.6-12.9)] respectively. Out of under nutrition patients, severe malnutrition (BMI<16 kg/m2) accounted of 5.6%. Factors food insecurity [AOR: 3.26, 95% CI: (1.79-5.92)], poor ART adherence [AOR: 4.22, 95% CI: (1.47-12.14)], CD4 cell count ≤ 200 [AOR: 5.73, 95% CI: (2.45-13.13)], and substance user [AOR: 4.11, 95% CI: (2.31-7.30)] was independent factors of under nutrition.Conclusion: This study found that the prevalence of malnutrition was high compared to other settings. The government should also pay due attention to improving the treatment of HIV/AIDS by offering nutritional support services in hospitals. Moreover policymaker and heath care professionals consider the effects of these factors for nutrition while providing ART service.

Nutritional status and associated factors among adult on Antiretro-viral therapy in Gamo zone public health facilities, southern Ethiopia

“…The nding of this study also reviled that food insecured respondents were 2.69 times more likely to be underweight as compared to those who were food secured in comparison to normal. This nding is in line with other studies done in bale Goba, LegaTafo and surrounding, bench shako zone, east Harerge zone and west Shewa zone which stated that household food insecurity was signi cantly independently associated with undernutrition (27,39,41,42,58). This was obviously due to lack access to su cient food to meet dietary needs for productive and health life and it leads to de ciency of macro and micronutrient.…”

“…The magnitude of underweight in this study is consistent to the study from east Harerge zone (30%) (39), Ethiopia a systematic review and meta-analysis (27.4%) (40), Arba Minch town public health facilities (24%) (41), and Bench Shako zone (29.2%) (42).…”

“…On the other way the most interesting nding is that the magnitude of overweight/obese is 13.3%( 95% CI: 10.2-17.0). The yields in this investigation is higher compared to those of other studies conducted in bench Sheko zone 9.6% (42). The potential difference might be due to difference in study period and the studies also include only hospitals that may miss population at health center level.…”