Background About 210 million women become pregnant per year, with one out of every ten pregnancies terminating unsafely worldwide. In developing countries, unsafe induced abortion is a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. In addition, the burden of public health is also greatest in developing regions. In Ethiopia, abortion was responsible for 8.6% of maternal deaths. Despite the problem's significance, little is known about the factors that lead to women terminating their pregnancies. Therefore, this study aims to identify the factors associated with having induced abortion in public hospitals of Arba Minch and Wolayita Sodo town, Southern Ethiopia. Methods An institutional-based unmatched case–control study was conducted among 413 women from 15th April to 15th June 2021 in selected public hospitals of Arba Minch and Wolayita Sodo town, Southern Ethiopia. Cases were women who received induced abortion care services or who received post-abortion care services after being presented to the selected public hospital with an attempt of induced abortion whereas controls were women who came for maternal health care (antenatal or postnatal care) services in selected public hospitals and never had history of induced abortion. The data were collected by pretested and structured questionnaires with face-to-face interviews via Kobo Collect v3.1 mobile tools and analyzed by STATA version14. Logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with induced abortion. In this study P-value less than 0.05 with 95% CI was declared a result as statistically significant. Results In this study, 103 cases and 309 controls were participated. Urban residence (AOR = 2.33, 95%CI:1.26, 4.32), encountered first sex at age of 20–24 years (AOR = 0.51, 95%CI:0.27,0.97), multiple sexual partner (AOR = 5.47, 95%CI: 2.98,10.03), women who had one child (AOR = 0.32, 95%CI: 0.10, 0.99), and good knowledge of contraceptives (AOR = 0.12, 95%CI: 0.03, 0.46) were identified as determinants of induced abortion. Conclusions Interventions focusing on those identified factors could probably reduce the burden and consequences of induced abortion. Sexual and reproductive health education and family planning programs would target urban dwellers, women who start sexual intercourse between the ages of 15 and 19, women with more than one sexual partner, women with a desire to limit childbearing, and women with poor contraceptive knowledge in order to reduce induced abortion.

Background Diabetes mellitus is a serious global public health problem that affects the whole life of people in terms of their biological, psychological, and social effects. Complications and death from diabetes occur from poorly controlled blood glucose levels. Thus, dealing with glycemic control is essential for controlling the development of devastating acute and chronic complications related to diabetes. Therefore, this study aims to assess factors associated with poor glycemic control among type2 diabetes patients in public hospitals of Gamo and Gofa zone southern, Ethiopia, 2021. Methods An institution-based unmatched case-control study was employed among 312 randomly selected participants using a pre-tested, interviewer-administered, and structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with poor glycemic control using IBM SPSS version 25. The strength of association was assessed by using an Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Result Factors associated with poor glycemic control based on multivariable analysis were, having comorbidity (AOR = 2.35, 95% CI (1.39–3.95)), adhering to dietary recommendations (AOR = 0.31, 95% CI (089–0.51)), poor social support (AOR = 3.31, 95% CI (1.59–6.85)), physical exercise (AOR = 1.86 95% CI (1.11–3.12)), and having poly-pharmacy (AOR = 2.83, 95% CI (1.39–5.74)). Conclusion and recommendation This study indicated a significant association of comorbidity, physical exercise, poly-pharmacy, low social support, and adherence to dietary recommendations with poor glycemic control. We suggest that the health care providers and concerned bodies encourage patients to have regular check-ups and work on providing necessary social support.

Background Work-related stress and anxiety are emerging global public health problems causing serious social and economic consequences. Working women bear a heavy burden due to high social disparity, gender inequality, and an important responsibility to balance work and family life in undeveloped society. Objective To assess the prevalence and associated factors of work related stress and anxiety among female employees of Hawassa industrial park in Sidama Region, Ethiopia, 2021. Methods Institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 417 female employees using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires and depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale (DASS) 21 items. A simple random sampling technique was used through the computer-generated random method. The outcome variables were work related stress and anxiety. Work related stress and anxiety were ascertained using the DASS 21( stress ≥ 15 &anxiety8 – 14). The associated factors assessed included sociodemographic, behavioral factor, job and organization related factors, past illness and social support related factors. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done. The strength of association was declared by using an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval and, the statistical significance of P-value < 0.05. Result The prevalence of work-related stress and anxiety were 59.3% [95% CI: (54.7, 63.9)] and 79.8% [95% CI: 75.5, 83.6)] respectively. Respondents with single marital status [AOR = 5.31, 95% CI: (1.68, 16.86)], having chronic illness [AOR = 4:00, 95% CI: (1.24, 12.9)], and current alcohol drinking [AOR = 12.5, 95% CI: (4.56, 34.2)] were significantly associated with stress. Likewise, being single in marital status [AOR = 1.99, 95% CI: (1.15, 3.46)], poor social support [AOR = 3.78, 95% CI: (1.53, 9.35)], overtime work [AOR = 2.31, 95% CI: (1.12, 4.74)], having work experience (3–4 years) [AOR = 4.71, 95% CI: (1.49, 14.84)], and fear of losing job [AOR = 1.72, 95% CI: (1.01, 2.93)] were significantly associated with anxiety. Conclusion The prevalence of work-related stress and anxiety was high in the study area. Marital status, alcohol drinking, and chronic illnesses were factors associated with work-related stress. In contrast the fear of losing a job, work experience, overtime work, and having poor social support were factors associated with anxiety.. The significant factors identified in this study can be targeted to reduce the occurrence of work related stress and anxiety among women through designing preventive programs and strategies which includes acknowledging the importance of mental health services for the welfare of the public, screening for work related stress and anxiety, counselling, and the provision of support for women as well as lifestyle modification.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among patients with diabetes in southern Ethiopia.DesignFacility-based cross-sectional study.SettingData collected from 1 March 2021 to 30 August 2021 at Arba Minch General Hospital.ParticipantsThree hundred and sixty-five patients with diabetes attending care at Arba Minch General Hospital.Main outcome measuresThe magnitude and determinants of the MSDs.ResultsThe prevalence of MSDs among patients with diabetes was 23.29% (95% CI 19.00 to 27.76). The likelihood of developing MSDs was 6.8 times higher among women than men (AOR=6.787, 95% CI 2.08 to 22.19). Rural participants were about 2.4 times (AOR=2.38, 95% CI 1.06 to 5.33) more likely to develop MSDs as compared with urban participants. Participants aged >50 years were 5.9 times more likely to develop MSDs as compared with those aged ≤50 years (AOR=5.864, 95% CI 2.663 to 12.914). The odds of developing MSDs was 6.2 times (AOR=6.247, 95% CI 1.158 to 33.702) and 5.5 times (AOR=5.451 95% CI 1.174 to 25.312) higher among participants who attended primary and secondary education as compared with those who attended college and above, respectively. Participants with cardiovascular disease were 3.9 times more likely to develop MSDs as compared with their counterparts (AOR=3.854, 95% CI 1.843 to 8.063).ConclusionsThis study showed that age, sex, educational status, place of residence and cardiovascular disease were found to be determinants of MSDs. Thus, clinical and public health interventions working on diabetes mellitus should consider these determinants.

Background: The prevalence of hypertension in diabetic patients is nearly twice that of non-diabetic patients. The presence of both hypertension and diabetes accelerates complications and raises the risk of death. Thus, identifying determinants of hypertension in diabetic patients is critical for preventing the development of devastating acute and chronic complications, as well as diabetes-related death. Methods and materials: A case-control study was carried out in public hospitals of Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. To select study participants, a systematic random sampling technique was used. The KOBO toolbox was used to collect data, which was then exported to the IBM SPSS version 25 software package for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with hypertension in diabetes patients, and variables in the multivariable logistic regression analysis with a P value less than 0.05 were declared significantly associated at a 95% CI. Results: In this study, age greater than or equal to 50 years [adjusted odd ratio (AOR)=4.08, 95% CI (1.41, 11.82)], higher body mass index [AOR=3.23, 95% CI (1.40, 7.66)], and higher waist to hip ratio [AOR=2.15, 95% CI (1.12, 4.13)] were significantly associated with hypertension in diabetic patients. Conclusions: This study found that factors associated with hypertension among diabetic patients included older age (>50 years), a high waait to st#to#hip ratio, and a higher body mass index. The concerned health authorities and healthcare providers in the study area should focus on those identified factors to prevent hypertension among diabetic patients.

Introduction: Nutritional status is continuing a major public health concern in low income countries. Now a day, sub-Saharan African countries are facing double burden of malnutrition. There are evidences on underweight among general population, but limited evidences on overweight/obesity among people living with HIV. Thus, this study is designed to assess nutritional status and associated factors among adult on antiretroviral therapy. Objective: To assess nutritional status and associated factors among adults on antiretroviral therapy in Gamo zone public health facilities, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 10 to April 10, 2022, among systematically selected 414 adults on antiretroviral therapy. The data were collected by using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, patient record review, and physical measurements. Multinomial logistic regression model was used to assess the association between dependent and independent variables. A p-value < 0.05 with its 95% CI was considered as a statistically significant and interpreted accordingly. Results: The magnitude of Underweight and Overweight/Obese were 28.3% (95% CI: 24.0-32.9)) and 13.3% (95% CI: 10.2–17.0)) respectively. Divorced (AOR = 3.71(1.345–7.496)), not finishing CPT (AOR = 2.96(1.41–6.231)), taking < 5 food groups (AOR = 2.87(1.574–5.266)), food insecure (AOR = 2.69(1.163–6.234)), and chewing khat (AOR = 2.78(1.09–7.114)) were significantly associated with underweight as compared to normal. Whereas, drinking alcohol (AOR = 1.61(1.09–3.61)), and monthly income of < 2000 ETB (AOR = 0.33(0.115–0.954)) were significantly associated with overweight/obese as compared to normal among adults on antiretroviral therapy. Conclusion: The magnitude of underweight among adult on Antiretro viral therapy is higher and magnitude of overweight/obese among adult on Antiretro viral therapy is lower as compared from most of the previous studies. Divorce, taking < 5 food groups, food insecured and chewing khat were factors for underweight, and income and alcohol drinking were factors for overweight/obese. Therefore, this finding shows the need to implement nutritional supplement and health education to improve the nutritional status of adults living with HIV in the study area.