Malnutrition and Its Determinants Are Associated with Suboptimal Cognitive, Communication, and Motor Development in Tanzanian Children

Sudfeld, Christopher R.; McCoy, Dana Charles; Fink, Günther; Muhihi, Alfa; Bellinger, David C.; Masanja, Honorati; Smith, Emily R.; Danaei, Goodarz; Ezzati, Majid; Fawzi, Wafaie W.

doi:10.3945/jn.115.215996

Cited by 132 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Details of the training, adaptation, and psychometric properties of the BSID-III can be found in Sudfeld et al [28]. Briefly, six nurses were trained to administer the BSID-III by two American PhD-level psychologists over a 3-week period, after which four nurses were selected as study staff based on quantitative ratings of their performance and knowledge.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of an early childhood development scale for use in low-resourced settings

McCoy

Sudfeld

Bellinger

et al. 2017

Popul Health Metrics

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BackgroundLow-cost, cross-culturally comparable measures of the motor, cognitive, and socioemotional skills of children under 3 years remain scarce. In the present paper, we aim to develop a new caregiver-reported early childhood development (ECD) scale designed to be implemented as part of household surveys in low-resourced settings.MethodsWe evaluate the acceptability, test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and discriminant validity of the new ECD items, subscales, and full scale in a sample of 2481 18- to 36-month-old children from peri-urban and rural Tanzania. We also compare total and subscale scores with performance on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-III) in a subsample of 1036 children. Qualitative interviews from 10 mothers and 10 field workers are used to inform quantitative data.ResultsAdequate levels of acceptability and internal consistency were found for the new scale and its motor, cognitive, and socioemotional subscales. Correlations between the new scale and the BSID-III were high (r > .50) for the motor and cognitive subscales, but low (r < .20) for the socioemotional subscale. The new scale discriminated between children’s skills based on age, stunting status, caregiver-reported disability, and adult stimulation. Test-retest reliability scores were variable among a subset of items tested.ConclusionsResults of this study provide empirical support from a low-income country setting for the acceptability, reliability, and validity of a new caregiver-reported ECD scale. Additional research is needed to test these and other caregiver reported items in children in the full 0 to 3 year range across multiple cultural and linguistic settings.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of an early childhood development scale for use in low-resourced settings

McCoy

Sudfeld

Bellinger

et al. 2017

Popul Health Metrics

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“…6 18 Long term consequences include cognitive deficits, poor school performance, poor motor development, compromised productivity, and high incidence of noncommunicable diseases. [19][20][21][22] How is it diagnosed? In communities with a high burden of child undernutrition, active case finding by community health workers who screen children through home visits or other outreach platforms helps with early detection.…”

Section: What Causes Child Undernutrition?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Undernutrition and severe acute malnutrition in children

Ghosh-Jerath

Singh

Jerath

et al. 2017

BMJ

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“…9 Additionally, there is a linear association between growth and cognitive performance, even in the mild form of growth faltering. 10 Therefore, a preventive approach with early intervention in children with mild growth deficits may help children achieve their growth potential. We recently conducted a 90-day, prospective, randomized, controlled trial to investigate a preventive approach of intervention in children aged 24 to 72 months who were mildly underweight, defined as a weight-for-age percentile (WAP) between the 3rd and 15th percentiles (World Health Organization [WHO] Child Growth Standards) at enrolment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuation of oral nutritional supplementation supports continued growth in nutritionally at-risk children with picky eating behaviour: A post-intervention, observational follow-up study

et al. 2018

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ObjectivesTo evaluate the 120-day post-intervention growth trajectory of picky-eating children aged 2 to 6 years who previously completed a 90-day, randomized, controlled trial of oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) plus dietary counselling (DC) (SDC, n = 98) compared with DC alone (n = 105).MethodsA total of 203 children were included. Children were free to consume ONS during follow-up. Information on ONS consumption was collected. Weight-for-age percentile (WAP) and height-for-age percentile (HAP) were measured at Day 90 (beginning) and Day 210 (end point).ResultsDespite continued weight gain, there was a significant decline in WAP in both groups during the post-intervention period. However, children who took ONS voluntarily had a smaller loss in WAP compared with those who did not. Children in the SDC group showed no difference in a decline in HAP between those who took ONS during follow-up and those who did not. However, children in the DC group showed a marginally larger decline in HAP in those who did not take ONS during the follow-up compared with those who did.ConclusionsContinued parental self-administration of ONS to their children slows down the loss of growth percentiles, supporting continued weight gain in picky-eating children at nutritional risk.

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Malnutrition and Its Determinants Are Associated with Suboptimal Cognitive, Communication, and Motor Development in Tanzanian Children

Cited by 132 publications

References 34 publications

Development and validation of an early childhood development scale for use in low-resourced settings

Development and validation of an early childhood development scale for use in low-resourced settings

Undernutrition and severe acute malnutrition in children

Continuation of oral nutritional supplementation supports continued growth in nutritionally at-risk children with picky eating behaviour: A post-intervention, observational follow-up study

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