Malignant Thyroid Teratoma

Grewal, Ameet; Wartofsky, Léonard; Kumar, Dhiren; Chia, Stanley H.

doi:10.4158/ep15996.cr

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…Those graded as 1 or 2 are considered immature, while grade 3 tumors, characterized by immaturity, are typically classified as malignant. The presence of embryonal carcinoma or yolk sac tumor places teratomas in the malignant category [ 9 ]. Diagnosing primary thyroid teratoma presents a challenge to pathologists due to its complexity and rarity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rare Case of Cervico-Mediastinal Thyroid Teratoma

Nocera,

Zhang,

Napolitano

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Teratomas are rare germ cell tumors derived from multiple germinal cell layers. Thyroid teratomas, specifically, are exceptionally uncommon and present unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Here, we report a case of cervico-mediastinal thyroid teratoma, highlighting diagnostic difficulties and surgical management. A 37-year-old woman presented with right lateral cervical swelling, leading to radiological imaging suggesting a thymic teratoma. However, cytology indicated a colloid cyst. Surgical removal was performed, revealing a mixed-type teratoma originating from the thyroid gland. Thyroid teratomas pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to their rarity and complex nature. Further research is needed to establish standardized guidelines for their management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rare Case of Cervico-Mediastinal Thyroid Teratoma

Nocera,

Zhang,

Napolitano

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Malignant teratoma of the thyroid: A difficult diagnosis by fine‐needle aspiration

Starling¹,

Sabra²,

Brady³

et al. 2019

Diagnostic Cytopathology

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Primary thyroid teratomas are rare, usually benign, and typically occur in children. We report the unusual occurrence of a malignant thyroid teratoma in a young man. Initial ultrasound and CT studies revealed an 8.5 heterogeneous mass involving the entire right thyroid lobe causing tracheal compression and deviation. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) revealed malignant cells with possible neuroendocrine features. Similar findings have been previously reported, with an occasional interpretation as possible medullary thyroid carcinoma. In no report, as with our case, has the correct diagnosis been suggested with FNA. The surgical specimen contained abundant primitive neuroepithelium with a very minor component of mature ectodermal tissue in one area. Like this case, an abundance of immature neuroepithelium has been reported in essentially all previous reports of primary malignant thyroid teratoma, sometimes creating a challenge to find another type of germ cell tissue. Array comparative genomic hybridization studies in this case revealed a markedly complex karyotype including gain of chromosome 12 and loss of 17p. Amplification of MYCN, EWSR1 rearrangement and isochromosome 12p were not identified, providing no evidence for neuroblastoma or Ewing sarcoma/peripheral neuroectodermal tumor, both of which have also rarely been reported as primary thyroid tumors. With the use of cisplatinum‐based chemotherapy combined with radiation, survival times have increased dramatically. Our patient is now disease free and back to his normal activities after relatively short follow‐up. Although rare, it is important to be aware that teratomas may present as a thyroid nodule. Recognition by FNA is challenging, and requires multiple modalities for full identification.

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