Malignant Memories: PTSD in Children and Adults after a School Shooting

Schwarz, Eitan D.; Kowalski, Janice M.

doi:10.1097/00004583-199111000-00011

Cited by 183 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It was even more important than physical exposure, relationship to direct victims, bomb-related television viewing, and lingering safety concerns and worry in predicting PTSD reactions. These findings are consistent with other studies [25][26][27]29,[41][42][43] and support the inclusion of the child's subjective experience at the time of exposure in the diagnostic criteria for PTSD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…[25][26][27][28][29] In a study of children after a school shooting, Schwarz and Kowalski 29 recommended that initial physiologic and emotional response be considered an aspect of exposure. Vernberg and colleagues 30 included perceived life threat in their measure of exposure in children following Hurricane Andrew; the exposure variable, in combination with other factors, was highly predictive of later PTSD symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Exposure and Peritraumatic Response as Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress in Children Following the 1995 Oklahoma City Bombing

Pfefferbaum

Doughty

Reddy

et al. 2002

Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure and Peritraumatic Response as Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress in Children Following the 1995 Oklahoma City Bombing

Pfefferbaum

Doughty

Reddy

et al. 2002

Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The nondonor sibling's vicarious experience is captured by Terr's 36 concept of 'contagion' which refers to the 'catchiness' of post-traumatic symptomatology among children and families. The finding of comparable levels of traumatic stress in both groups is also consistent with a broadened view of exposure suggested by Schwarz and Kowalski, 37 viz., that children's reactions to a traumatic event may vary depending on 'what they felt, rather than where they were.' In our study, seven of the nondonor siblings had a moderate level of traumatic stress reaction, and 11 reported mild traumatic stress reaction.…”

Section: Major Conclusionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Psychosocial impact of pediatric BMT on siblings

Packman

1999

Bone Marrow Transplant

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary:Although bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has become standard therapy for many life-threatening disorders of childhood, there is little research on the psychosocial impact of BMT on siblings of children undergoing BMT. Such siblings face issues common to any family with a chronic illness. However, the psychological impact on the family is intensified because two family members, usually children, are subjected to intrusive medical procedures. Investigators had earlier noted that sibling donors may be at risk for behavioral problems and anxiety, while nondonors may experience ambivalent feelings of disappointment and relief. It was suggested that psychosocial stages of BMT may parallel the medical transplant process, with high levels of stress experienced pre-BMT, during hospitalization, and postdischarge. Our own group has recently conducted more systematic investigations on the psychosocial effects of BMT on donor vs nondonor siblings of surviving pediatric BMT patients. We found that sibling donors showed significantly more anxiety, lower self-esteem, and more adaptive skills in school than nondonors. Nondonors, on the other hand, showed significantly more school problems. One third of the siblings in each group reported a moderate level of post-traumatic stress. Taken together, our research indicates that BMT affects the life of the child at home and at school and that posttraumatic stress symptomatology is a component of the psychological reaction in siblings. The psychosocial adjustment of siblings is a critical area of investigation in BMT populations. Parents need to know that the BMT process affects every member of the family system, and both parents and professionals need to direct more emotional support and attention to siblings. Studies are needed that focus on interventions designed to reduce levels of sibling psychosocial maladjustment. The psychosocial developmental model of posttraumatic stress disorder is a viable theoretical model that may be used to guide future research.

show abstract

“…Sechs bis 14 Monate nach einem School Shooting in den USA zeigten 27% der betroffenen Kinder und 19% der Erwachsenen (Eltern und Lehrer) Symptome einer solchen Störung (Schwartz & Kowalski, 1991). Dabei waren die Kinder nicht nur häufiger betroffen, sondern wiesen auch intensivere Symptome auf (s. auch Cohen, Berliner & Mannarino, 2000;Salmon & Bryant, 2000;Steil, 2003 Forschungsbemühungen um die Jahrtausendwende stark ausgeprägt waren, danach aber wieder abgenommen haben.…”

Section: Fazit Und Relevanzunclassified

School Shootings in Deutschland

Bondü¹,

Scheithauer²

2009

Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Malignant Memories: PTSD in Children and Adults after a School Shooting

Cited by 183 publications

References 15 publications

Exposure and Peritraumatic Response as Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress in Children Following the 1995 Oklahoma City Bombing

Exposure and Peritraumatic Response as Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress in Children Following the 1995 Oklahoma City Bombing

Psychosocial impact of pediatric BMT on siblings

School Shootings in Deutschland

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About