Malignant melanoma of the skin of the head and neck

Ballantyne, Alando J.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9610(70)80001-0

Cited by 218 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The reasons for this are uncertain but baldness and shorter hair styles in men are likely to be the explanation. Most studies of head and neck melanoma have reported a male predominance (Kragh and 943 Erich, 1960;Conley and Pack, 1963;Catlin, 1966;Ballantyne, 1970;Fitzpatrick et al, 1972;Knutson et al, 1972;Donellan et al, 1972;Simons, 1972;Ames et al, 1976;Gussack et al, 1983;Urist et al, 1984;Fisher, 1989;O'Brien et al, 1991), although a few studies (McGovern et al, 1980;Wanebo et al, 1988;Ringborg et al, 1993;Andersson et al, 1993) support our finding an excess of females. Where data for other body sites is available from the same study population, the male-female ratio is higher for the head and neck than for other body sites (Hansen and McCarten, 1974;Ames et al, 1976;Gussack et al, 1983;Cox et al, 1987;Langford et al, 1993) and an absolute or relative excess of females with LMM is generally reported in studies where this has been analysed (McGovern et al, 1980;Cox et al, 1987;Ringborg et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

“…Ulceration is a significant predictive factor in many studies that have controlled for tumour thickness (Balch et al, 1978(Balch et al, , 1980Van der Esch, 1981;Day et al, 1982b;Urist et al, 1984;Shaw et al, 1985;O'Brien et al, 1991;Andersson et al, 1993;Langford et al, 1993;MacKie et al, 1995) and even retains significance in patients with lymph node metastasis (Balch et al, 1980). Male sex has been associated with poorer prognosis in most studies of head and neck melanoma (Ballantyne, 1970;Fitzpatrick et al, 1972;Hansen and McCarten, 1974;Gussack et al, 1983;Cox et al, 1987;O'Brien et al, 1991;Langford et al, 1993;Ringborg et al, 1993;Andersson et al, 1993), although some studies report no sex difference (Catlin, 1966;Knutson et al, 1972;McGovern et al, 1980) and one reported a better prognosis in men (Southwick et al, 1963).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several authors have identified melanoma of the head and neck as having a worse prognosis than other body sites (Day et al, 1982b;Blois et al, 1983;Gussack et al, 1983;Urist et al, 1984;Fisher, 1989;Hersey et al, 1991), and some have identified subsite differences in prognosis for head and neck melanomas on univariate (Ballantyne, 1970) or multivariate (Urist et al, 1984;Wanebo et al, 1988;Fisher, 1989;O'Brien et al, 1991;Ringborg et al, 1993) analysis. In general, a worse prognosis has been reported for scalp (Urist et al, 1984;Wanebo et al, 1988;Fisher, 1989;O'Brien et al, 1991;Ringborg et al, 1993) or scalp and ear (Wanebo et al, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One specific important question that remains is whether the prognosis for lentigo maligna melanoma differs significantly from the prognosis for melanoma of other histogenetic types. Many of the larger studies have originated from selected populations treated at tertiary referral centres in countries with high levels of sun exposure (Conley and Pack, 1963;Ballantyne, 1970;McGovern et al, 1980;Gussack et al, 1983;Urist et al, 1984;Fisher, 1989;O'Brien et al, 1991;Langford et al, 1993). We have therefore studied the clinicopathological features of 953 malignant melanomas of the head and neck registered with the Scottish Melanoma Group (SMG) between 1979 and 1992 inclusive.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison between lentigo maligna melanoma and other histogenetic types of malignant melanoma of the head and neck

Cox

Aitchison²,

Sirel³

et al. 1996

Br J Cancer

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Summary A study of 953 invasive cutaneous malignant melanomas of the head and neck was performed to determine differences between lentigo maligna melanoma and other histogenetic types with regard to patients and sites affected; prognosis was analysed in 595 of these cases. The cases studied comprised all head and neck melanomas registered with the Scottish Melanoma Group between 1979 and 1992, apart from the 3% of cases that were unclassifiable or rare histogenetic types. The histogenetic types of melanoma were 498 (52%) lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM), 237 (25%) superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) and 218 (23%) nodular melanoma (NM). All types increased in incidence throughout the study period. Patients with LMM (mean age 73 years) and NM (mean 68 years) were significantly older than those with SSM (mean 57 years). There were significant anatomical subsite differences related to sex of patients and histogenetic type of melanoma; melanomas on the face were more frequent in females and 90% of LMM occurred at this site, whereas melanomas on the scalp, neck and ears were more frequent in men. Kaplan-Meier estimates of the probability of survival were produced for the 595 of these 953 patients with 5 year follow-up details. In this group of patients the prognostic significance of tumour thickness, Clark level of invasion, ulceration, histogenetic type of melanoma and number of mitoses were studied using stepwise variable selection of procedures. Each of these possible prognostic factors attained individual significance but the tumour thickness was the dominant risk factor in the proportional hazards analysis. When patients were divided into four sex/ulceration subgroups (male/ulcerated, female/ulcerated, male/non-ulcerated, female/non-ulcerated) and analysed by proportional hazards analysis, no variable other than the tumour thickness had any further prognostic effect. Histogenetic type did not remain an independent prognostic variable at this stage. Despite sex and subsite differences, the prognosis for invasive lentigo maligna melanoma does not differ from that for other histogenetic types after controlling for tumour thickness.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison between lentigo maligna melanoma and other histogenetic types of malignant melanoma of the head and neck

Cox

Aitchison²,

Sirel³

et al. 1996

Br J Cancer

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“…Different staging systems for MM have been proposed and used. This challenges comparative studies of treatment and prognosis [6][7][8]. MMHN was reclassified in 2009 in the Seventh Edition of the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) Classification of Malignant Tumors [9], in order to improve tumor staging and prognostics.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary mucosal melanoma of the head and neck in Denmark, 1982–2012: Demographic and clinical aspects. A retrospective DAHANCA study

et al. 2016

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Background The study was performed to determine the epidemiological, clinical, and histopathological characteristics and prognosis of primary mucosal melanoma of the head and neck (MMHN) in Denmark. Material and methods This was a national retrospective multicenter study of patients diagnosed with MMHN between 1982 and 2012 in Denmark. Data were retrieved from national databases and patient records. Incidence trends were examined for the entire period. We prepared survival curves and performed univariate and multivariate analysis for the period 1992-2012 to identify possible prognostic factors. Results No significant trends in incidence were found in the study period. The three-year overall and disease-free survival rates for MMHN were 46.5% and 35.5%, respectively. Negative margins was an independent predictor of disease-free survival, and age below 65, absence of distant metastases, and low overall TNM stage were predictors of overall survival. Radiotherapy did not improve survival significantly. Recurrence rates were high, even for patients with negative margins. Conclusions MMHN remains a rare disease with a poor prognosis, particularly for patients aged over 65, those with distant metastasis, and those with advanced TNM stage. Importantly, the rate of recurrence is lowest in patients with negative margins.

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