Abstract:The present work aims to study the perspectives of an efficient utilization of waste products as fillers for the thermoplastic polymer. Maleic anhydride grafted linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE‐g‐MA), without any compatibilizers, has been used as polymer matrix to prepare composites with different contents (0–50 phr) of waste paper powder (WPP). Mechanical properties assessment has shown up to 88% improvement in tensile strength and a huge increment of 409% in Young's modulus for the composites prepared … Show more
“…Furthermore, the concentration of stress at the particle-matrix interface region leads to weakness of the particle-matrix interaction and consequently reduces the tensile strength [ 21 ].In other words, the tensile strength is a function of the surface contact area and the interfacial strength, the modulus is a function of the surface contact area, and filler agglomeration affects both factors. However, the significant difference of the tensile modulus of samples S 0,0 and S 5,0 is not very large, but visible, while no statistically significant difference between the modulus of samples S 10,0 , S 20,0 and S 30,0 is visible.The elongation at the breaks of all composite samples, with and without compatibilizer, decreased by increasing the WGP content in the polymeric matrix, which may be explained by the fact that WGP has a high rigid stiffening effect with low deformation characteristics, which acts as a stress concentrator that increases crack initiation, and consequently, the ductility of the composite will be reduced [ 22 , 23 ]. Figure 4 The effect of WGP content on tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation at break of RHDPE/WGP composites without compatibilizer.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…% to achieve its maximum value at 1.5 wt. %, which may be because the addition of MAgPE increases the interfacial adhesion between the WGP particles and the RHDPE matrix, which reduces the interfacial stress concentration and reinforcement particle agglomeration [ 22 , 24 ]. On the other hand, addition of MAgPE beyond 1.5 wt.…”
Several reinforcement materials are incorporated into a polymeric matrix to improve the mechanical properties and reduce the cost of the obtained composites. In this work, recycled high-density polyethylene/waste glass powder composites, compatibilized with maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene, were prepared using a two-roll mill and compression molding techniques. Four levels of waste glass powder, 2, 10, 20 and 30% by weight, and five levels of the compatibilizer, polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride (0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 5 and 7.5%by weight), were used. The effect of adding waste glass powder and compatibilizer concentration on the composite's mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, tensile strain, tensile modulus and thermal properties was studied. The results showed that superior mechanical properties were obtained and that the tensile strength and modulus increased with increasing waste glass powder content and compatibilizer concentration by 20 and 1.5 wt%, respectively. However, the elongation at the break decreased with the increase in both factors. The composite, which was prepared under ideal conditions, has high thermal stability and can be easily recycled and reprocessed for five cycles with high mechanical properties. This study recommends that the prepared composite, under optimum conditions, can be used as a cost-effective automobile dashboard material.
“…Furthermore, the concentration of stress at the particle-matrix interface region leads to weakness of the particle-matrix interaction and consequently reduces the tensile strength [ 21 ].In other words, the tensile strength is a function of the surface contact area and the interfacial strength, the modulus is a function of the surface contact area, and filler agglomeration affects both factors. However, the significant difference of the tensile modulus of samples S 0,0 and S 5,0 is not very large, but visible, while no statistically significant difference between the modulus of samples S 10,0 , S 20,0 and S 30,0 is visible.The elongation at the breaks of all composite samples, with and without compatibilizer, decreased by increasing the WGP content in the polymeric matrix, which may be explained by the fact that WGP has a high rigid stiffening effect with low deformation characteristics, which acts as a stress concentrator that increases crack initiation, and consequently, the ductility of the composite will be reduced [ 22 , 23 ]. Figure 4 The effect of WGP content on tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation at break of RHDPE/WGP composites without compatibilizer.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…% to achieve its maximum value at 1.5 wt. %, which may be because the addition of MAgPE increases the interfacial adhesion between the WGP particles and the RHDPE matrix, which reduces the interfacial stress concentration and reinforcement particle agglomeration [ 22 , 24 ]. On the other hand, addition of MAgPE beyond 1.5 wt.…”
Several reinforcement materials are incorporated into a polymeric matrix to improve the mechanical properties and reduce the cost of the obtained composites. In this work, recycled high-density polyethylene/waste glass powder composites, compatibilized with maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene, were prepared using a two-roll mill and compression molding techniques. Four levels of waste glass powder, 2, 10, 20 and 30% by weight, and five levels of the compatibilizer, polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride (0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 5 and 7.5%by weight), were used. The effect of adding waste glass powder and compatibilizer concentration on the composite's mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, tensile strain, tensile modulus and thermal properties was studied. The results showed that superior mechanical properties were obtained and that the tensile strength and modulus increased with increasing waste glass powder content and compatibilizer concentration by 20 and 1.5 wt%, respectively. However, the elongation at the break decreased with the increase in both factors. The composite, which was prepared under ideal conditions, has high thermal stability and can be easily recycled and reprocessed for five cycles with high mechanical properties. This study recommends that the prepared composite, under optimum conditions, can be used as a cost-effective automobile dashboard material.
“…This may be due to an extreme stiffening effect of both crosslinker, as well as CNFs, on the starch. The improvement in the elongation may be due to a uniform distribution of CNFs over the matrix, leading to better load transfer characteristics from the CNFs to the matrix and the film to absorb and dissipate the energy better upon the application of external force (Saini et al, 2017). At higher loading of CNFs and crosslinker, a high degree of entanglement and crosslink may reduce the crystallinity and increase the amorphous phase that can also contribute to the percentage of elongation (Yue et al, 2013).…”
Bionanocomposite films were fabricated using starch as a matrix, pre-oxidised sucrose as a crosslinker and cellulose nanofibres as reinforcement filler. The spectroscopic (FTIR) and microscopic (SEM) techniques were used to identify the chemical changes associated with the crosslinking, and to characterize the morphological structure of the films. The crosslinking density evaluated by Flory-Rehnar equation. There is a decrease in diff usivity, permittivity and swelling properties of the films after crosslinking. Reduction of water vapour (from 0.074 to 0.038 g min−1 m-2) and oxygen (from 29.44 to 10.27 cm 3 m-2 d −1) transmission rates for film prepared with 3 wt.% of OS and 5 wt.% of CNFs was observed. The water transport through the films was found to follow Fickian behaviour. The antibacterial properties of films against four diff erent food pathogens were evaluated. Films represent high potential alternative to existing ones.
“…FTIR results showed that some exposed –OH groups still existed at the fiber surface after MTCS modification, indicating that the interface compatibility between hydrophobic ONP fibers and HDPE matrix was still flawed. Therefore, maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene (MAPE), a common coupling agent used in natural fiber–plastic composites [34,35,36], was further added into the composite to improve its physical and mechanical properties.…”
Paper fibers have gained broad attention in natural fiber reinforced composites in recent years. The specific problem in preparing paper fiber reinforced composites is that paper fibers easily become flocculent after pulverization, which increases difficulties during melt-compounding with polymer matrix and results in non-uniform dispersion of paper fibers in the matrix. In this study, old newspaper (ONP) was treated with a low dosage of gaseous methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS) to solve the flocculation. The modified ONP fibers were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG). Then the modified ONP fibers and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) were extruded and pelletized to prepare ONP/HDPE composites via injection molding. Maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene (MAPE) was added to enhance the interfacial bonding performance with the ultimate purpose of improving the mechanical strength of the composites. The mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, and impact strength and the water absorption properties of the composite were tested. The results showed that the formation of hydrogen bonding between ONP fibers was effectively prevented after MTCS treatment due to the reduction of exposed –OH groups at the fiber surface. Excessive dosage of MTCS led to severe fiber degradation and dramatically reduced the aspect ratio of ONP fibers. Composites prepared with ONP fibers modified with 4% (v/w) MTCS showed the best mechanical properties due to reduced polarity between the fibers and the matrix, and the relatively long aspect ratio of treated ONP fibers. The composite with or without MAPE showed satisfactory water resistance properties. MTCS was proven to be a cheap and efficient way to pretreat old newspaper for preparing paper fiber reinforced composites.
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